Exam 7 Flashcards
Define tropic hormones
They are hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target
What are the 4 types oof cell communication
Paracrine - signaling cell that secretes a chemical that diffuses locally to target cells
Autocrine - cell secretes hormone or chemical substance that binds to receptors on the same cell
Endocrine - hormone that travels throughout body via circulatory system to target cell
Synaptic - sending and receiving cells have built in synaptic structure bringing cell membranes in close contact for easy signal exchange
What are the 5 classifications of hormones
Steroid hormones - made up of lipids, Derived from cholesterol (sex hormones, adrenal cortex hormones)
Amine hormones - made up of amines, derivative of amino acid tyrosine (T3, T4, Epinephrine, norepinephrine)
Peptide hormone - made up of a few amino acid residues (oxytocin, vasopressin)
Protein hormones - made up of more amino acid residues (insulin, glucagon)
Glycoproteins - molecule that comprises protein and carbohydrate chains (LH, FSH)
Eicosanoids - Small fatty acid derivatives (prostaglandins)
How is hormone secretion regulated
Signals from nervous system
Chemical changes in blood
Other hormones
- Most hormonal regulation by negative feed back
What regulatory hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus with their target sin the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
- Thyrotropin rel h
- Corticotropin rel h
- Growth hormone rel h
- Prolactin rel h
- Gonadotropin rel h
What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland
- Oxytocin (love hormone, uterus contraction during birth)
- Anti diuretic hormone / vasopressin (promote the retention of water by kidneys)
What hormones are releases from the anterior pituitary gland
Think “ Flat peg”
- Follicle stimulating H
- Leutenizing H
- Adrenocorticotropic H
- Thyroid stimulating H
- Prolactin
- Endorphins
- Growth hormone
What hormones does the parathyroid release
Parathyroid hormone (cause release of calcium from bone)
What hormones does adrenal gland secrete
Zona glomerulosa
- aldosterone (retention of water and salt)
Zona Fasciculata
- cortisol (help you withstand stress)
Zona reticularis
- androgens or sex hormones (increase level of estrogen and testosterone)
Medulla
- epinephrine and norepinephrine (fight or flight response)
What hormones does the thyroid release
Triiodothyronine (T3) (helps control metabolism)
Thyroxine (T4)
What are some common disorders of the endocrine system
Anterior pituitary :
- Gigantism
- Acromegaly
- Hypopituitarism
Posterior pituitary :
- Diabetes insipidus
Pancreas :
- Diabetes mellitus
What hormones released from adipose tissue makes you feel full
Leptin
What cells are inside the islets of langerhan and what hormones do they produce
Think (BIGA)
Beta cells - insulin
Alpha cells - glucagon
What is synergy between hormones and what hormones show this affect
When hormones produce a stronger effects when together than they would on there own
Cortisol, glucagon, epinephrine effect on blood glucose
Testosterone and FSH effect on sperm production
What is permissiveness of hormones and what hormones show this effect
When hormones unlock each other effects, Hormone A will only produce an effect if Hormone B is present
Thyroid hormone and testosterone effect on development
