Exam 4 Flashcards
What the primary lymphatic organs
Thymus
Bone marrow
What are the secondary Lymphatic organs
Lymph node
Spleen
Tonsils
Peyers patch
Appendix
Lymphatic tissue (malt)
What are some of the functions of the lymphatic system
- maintains balance of fluid between blood and tissues known as fluid homeostasis
- forms part of the body immune system and helps defend against bacteria and other invaders
- It facilitates absorption of fats and fat soluble nutrients in the digestive system
What is an edema
A condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities of tissues of the body
What is lymph
A colorless fluid containing white blood cells that bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream
What do lymphatic vessels consist of ?
Lymphatic capillaries
Collecting lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic trunks
Lymphatic ducts
What do lymphatic vessels do
Carry lymph from the interstitial spaces of tissues to the bloodstream usually carrying proteins
Describe lymphatic cappilaries
They are formed in the interstitial spaces as blind ended sac
They are made of single layer endothelial cells that are arranged in an overlapping fashion so they act as a unidirectional flap valve
Fluid and suspended particles can enter the capillary from the interstitial tissue but once entered it can not escape out due to flap valve preventing back flow
They join too form larger lymphatic vessels
Describe lymphatic collecting vessels
Superficial lymphatic run along the subcutaneous layer of the skin it accompanies the vein
The deep lymphatic carry lymph away from the internal organs to the blood stream it accompanies the artery
Superficial lymphatic vessels drain into deep lymphatic vessels
They both go through lymph nodes the vessels draining in to the lymph node are called afferent vessels the ones that go away from the lymph nodes are efferent vessels
Describe lymphatic trunks
There are 4 paired lymphatic trunks and there names are
- Jugular (drains head and neck)
- Subclavian (drains the upper limbs)
- Bronchomediastinal (drains the chest)
- lumbar (drains the abdomen, pelvis and lower limb regions)
There is 1 unpaired trunk
-intestinal (drains from the intestines)
Describe the lymphatic ducts
The lymphatic trunks merge together to form the 2 lymphatic ducts
The right jugular , right subclavian and right bronchomediastinal join to form the right lymphatic duct this duct drains into the venous system at the junction of the right subclavian vein and the right internal jugular vein
The paired lumbar trunks join to form the cisterna chyli which will continue on superiorly as the thoracic duct
The thoracic duct drains into the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular vein
How is lymph formed
The fluid that is filtered by the arterial end of capillaries supplies nutrients to tissues and collects metabolic waste
Most of this fluid is reabsorbed back into the venous end of the capillaries the excess fluid that is l;eft behind when it enters into the lymphatic capillaries is called the lymph
What are the differences between innate and adaptive immunity
Innate immunity
- There is a immediate and maximal response
- Not antigen specific
- Exposure results in no immunological memory
Adaptive immunity
- response is antigen dependent
- There is lag time between exposure and maximal response
- Antigen specific
- exposure results in immunological memory
- recognition by antibody and T cell receptors
What are the different types of innate defenses
Physical Barriers
- Skin, hair , cilia
- Mucus membranes
- Mucus and chemical secretions
- Digestive enzymes in mouth
- Stomach acid
Internal Defenses
- Inflammatory response
- complement proteins
- Phagocytic cells
- Natural Killer (NK) cells
What is the adaptive immune system carried out by
Lymphocytes
- T lymphocyte (cancer cells, virus infected cells, mismatched blood transfusion)
- B Lymphocytes (antibody)
