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Pharmacology > Exam 5- THE BIG ONE....AUTONOMICS part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 5- THE BIG ONE....AUTONOMICS part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

_________: Block cholinergic transmission at neuromuscular junctions.

A

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs

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2
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs-Block ________ transmission at neuromuscular junctions.

A

cholinergic

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3
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs act as either _______ (________)or _______ (________).

A

Antagonists (non-depolarizing) or agonists (depolarizing)

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4
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs inhibit the release of ______.

A

ACh

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5
Q

What are the 3 main Neuromuscular Blocking agents?

A

1.Tu(r)bo-cur-ar-ine 2.Succinyl-choline 3.Botulinum Toxin

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6
Q

Curare is a ________ neuromuscular blocking drug.

A

non-depolarizing

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7
Q

Which drug is known as the “arrow poison” drug?

A

Curare

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8
Q

Curare Competitively and REVERSIBLY inhibits ______ receptors at neuromuscular junction; blocks action of _____.

A

nicotinic….ACh

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9
Q

In curare-Depolarization of membrane is inhibited and muscle _______ is blocked.

A

contraction

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10
Q

Curare-Causes weakness of skeletal muscles; possible death due to ________ from paralysis of diaphragm

A

asphyxiation

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11
Q

Curare-Competitive blockers can be overcome by administration of __________.

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

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12
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-Attaches to nicotinic receptor and like ACH, results in depolarization…Constant stimulation of receptor causes sodium channel to open, producing depolarization

A

Succinylcholine

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13
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-Transient fasciculations of muscles result

A

Succinylcholine

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14
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-________:With _____, receptor cannot transmit any further impulses and repolarization occurs as the sodium channel closes

A

Succinylcholine….time

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15
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-_______: Flaccid _______ is produced by resistance to depolarization

A

Succinylcholine…paralysis

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16
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-_______: Paralysis lasts only a few ______ because drug is broken down by plasma cholinesterase

A

Succinylcholine…minutes

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17
Q

What drug do we use for endothracheal intubation?

A

Succinylcholine

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18
Q

What bacterium produces botulinum toxin?

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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19
Q

Botulinum toxin affects ________ membrane of neuromuscular junctions.

A

pre-synaptic

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20
Q

Botulinum Toxin prevents _______-dependent release of ACH and therefore produces a state of _______.

A

Calcium…denervation

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21
Q

With botulinum toxin muscle inactivation persists until new ______ grow from nerve and form junction plates on new areas of muscle cell walls. SO A LONG TIME

A

fibrils

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22
Q

Muscle tics, muscle disorders, cosmetic procedures are indications for what Neuromuscular Blocking agent?

A

Botulinum Toxin

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23
Q

Ganglionic Blocking Agents- Inhibit _______ receptors, so blocks neurotransmission in both PANS and SANS.

24
Q

What drug is so toxic that one drop on skin can be fatal?!?!?

25
Nicotine at _____ doses = produces stimulation due to depolarization
low
26
Nicotine at _____ doses = produces no response at nicotinic receptors (nicotinic escape) but stimulates _______ receptors
high...muscarinic
27
Nicotine causes ______ paralysis; increases BP, HR, GI motility and secretions and ______ blood vessels and ______. blood flow to extremities
respiratory...constricts...reduces...Its like a PANS and SANS back and forth battle!
28
What are the 2 main indications for nicotine?
Tobacco cessation therapy, Also used as an insecticide..hahah
29
Adrenergic Drugs- Act at receptors of the _______ nervous system
sympathetic
30
Adrenergic Drugs- Endogenous (naturally-occurring) Neurotransmitters = synthesized in neural tissues = __________
Cat-e-chol-amines
31
What are the three catecholamines? Where would I mainly find these dudes?
Epinephrine-adrenal medulla....Norepinephrine-terminal nerve endings...Dopamine-brain, splanchnic, renal vasculature
32
What is another name for and exogenous neurotransmitter?
Iso-pro-ter-en-ol
33
What are the two classes of adrenergic receptors?
alpha and beta
34
Binding of epi/nor epi to an alpha-1 causes....
smooth muscle contraction
35
Binding of epi/norepi to an alpha-2 causes....
inhibition of neurotransmitter release AND smooth muscle contraction
36
Binding of eli/norepi to a beta causes....
Heart muscle contraction, smooth muscle RELAXATION, and glycogenolysis
37
What are the three classifications of adrenergic drugs?
Direct acting, indirect acting, mixed action
38
______ acting adrenergic drugs produce effects by directly stimulating receptor
direct acting
39
_______ acting adrenergic drugs cause the release of endogenous norepinephrine, which then produces the response
indirect acting
40
_______ acting adrenergic drugs either stimulate the receptor directly or cause release of norepinephrine
mixed action
41
What are the 4 categories of ADRENERGIC DRUGS?
1. Alpha-Agonists 2.Beta-agonists 3.Alpha-antagonists 4.beta-antagonists
42
What are the 2 effects of an ALPHA receptor stimulation?
1.Vasoconstriction of vessels in the skin (pale looking/stops bleeding in fight scenario) 2.Smooth muscle contraction
43
What are the 3 effects of a BETA-1 receptor stimulation???
1.Increase RATE of heart contractions 2.Increase the FORCE of heart contractions 3. break down glycogen
44
What are the 3 effects of BETA-2 receptor stimulation???
1. Smooth muscle RELAXATION 2.VasoDILATION of skeletal muscle vessels 3.BronchoDILATION (relax of smooth muscle in bronchioles)
45
Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-CNS _______.
CNS excitation (alertness, anxiety, restlessness)
46
Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-________ peripheral resistance
increased
47
Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-_______ blood pressure
increased
48
Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-______ pupils (_______)
Dilates pupils (mydriasis)
49
Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)- _____ breathing
ease
50
Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)- _________ (_________ blood sugar)
Hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar)
51
Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-________ (vaso________ to parotids decreases ______ saliva; increased ______ saliva)
Xerostomia (vasoconstriction to parotids decreases watery saliva; increased mucous saliva)
52
Uses for Adrenergic Agonists-________= epinephrine is used to prolong the action of anesthetics and to produce hemostasis
VASOCONSTRICTION
53
Uses for Adrenergic Agonists- _________ = nose drops/sprays that cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels in nose and reduce swelling of mucous membranes in nose
decongestants
54
Uses for Adrenergic Agonists- Treatment of ______ = elevate low blood pressure
shock
55
Uses for Adrenergic Agonists-Treatment of ________ = epinephrine can be used to “jump start” the heart
cardiac arrest
56
Uses for Adrenergic Agonists-______ and _______ = bronchodilation eases breathing
Asthma and emphysema
57
Uses for Adrenergic Agonists-CNS _______ = amphetamines (stimulants) are used for treatment of ADD and ADHD
stimulation

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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