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Pharmacology > Exam 5- THE BIG ONE....AUTONOMICS part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 5- THE BIG ONE....AUTONOMICS part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

_________: Block cholinergic transmission at neuromuscular junctions.

A

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs

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2
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs-Block ________ transmission at neuromuscular junctions.

A

cholinergic

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3
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs act as either _______ (________)or _______ (________).

A

Antagonists (non-depolarizing) or agonists (depolarizing)

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4
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs inhibit the release of ______.

A

ACh

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5
Q

What are the 3 main Neuromuscular Blocking agents?

A

1.Tu(r)bo-cur-ar-ine 2.Succinyl-choline 3.Botulinum Toxin

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6
Q

Curare is a ________ neuromuscular blocking drug.

A

non-depolarizing

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7
Q

Which drug is known as the “arrow poison” drug?

A

Curare

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8
Q

Curare Competitively and REVERSIBLY inhibits ______ receptors at neuromuscular junction; blocks action of _____.

A

nicotinic….ACh

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9
Q

In curare-Depolarization of membrane is inhibited and muscle _______ is blocked.

A

contraction

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10
Q

Curare-Causes weakness of skeletal muscles; possible death due to ________ from paralysis of diaphragm

A

asphyxiation

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11
Q

Curare-Competitive blockers can be overcome by administration of __________.

A

cholinesterase inhibitors

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12
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-Attaches to nicotinic receptor and like ACH, results in depolarization…Constant stimulation of receptor causes sodium channel to open, producing depolarization

A

Succinylcholine

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13
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-Transient fasciculations of muscles result

A

Succinylcholine

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14
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-________:With _____, receptor cannot transmit any further impulses and repolarization occurs as the sodium channel closes

A

Succinylcholine….time

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15
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-_______: Flaccid _______ is produced by resistance to depolarization

A

Succinylcholine…paralysis

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16
Q

A DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker that YOU NEED TO KNOW-_______: Paralysis lasts only a few ______ because drug is broken down by plasma cholinesterase

A

Succinylcholine…minutes

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17
Q

What drug do we use for endothracheal intubation?

A

Succinylcholine

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18
Q

What bacterium produces botulinum toxin?

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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19
Q

Botulinum toxin affects ________ membrane of neuromuscular junctions.

A

pre-synaptic

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20
Q

Botulinum Toxin prevents _______-dependent release of ACH and therefore produces a state of _______.

A

Calcium…denervation

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21
Q

With botulinum toxin muscle inactivation persists until new ______ grow from nerve and form junction plates on new areas of muscle cell walls. SO A LONG TIME

A

fibrils

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22
Q

Muscle tics, muscle disorders, cosmetic procedures are indications for what Neuromuscular Blocking agent?

A

Botulinum Toxin

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23
Q

Ganglionic Blocking Agents- Inhibit _______ receptors, so blocks neurotransmission in both PANS and SANS.

A

nicotinic

24
Q

What drug is so toxic that one drop on skin can be fatal?!?!?

A

Nicotine

25
Q

Nicotine at _____ doses = produces stimulation due to depolarization

A

low

26
Q

Nicotine at _____ doses = produces no response at nicotinic receptors (nicotinic escape) but stimulates _______ receptors

A

high…muscarinic

27
Q

Nicotine causes ______ paralysis; increases BP, HR, GI motility and secretions and ______ blood vessels and ______. blood flow to extremities

A

respiratory…constricts…reduces…Its like a PANS and SANS back and forth battle!

28
Q

What are the 2 main indications for nicotine?

A

Tobacco cessation therapy, Also used as an insecticide..hahah

29
Q

Adrenergic Drugs- Act at receptors of the _______ nervous system

A

sympathetic

30
Q

Adrenergic Drugs- Endogenous (naturally-occurring) Neurotransmitters = synthesized in neural tissues = __________

A

Cat-e-chol-amines

31
Q

What are the three catecholamines? Where would I mainly find these dudes?

A

Epinephrine-adrenal medulla….Norepinephrine-terminal nerve endings…Dopamine-brain, splanchnic, renal vasculature

32
Q

What is another name for and exogenous neurotransmitter?

A

Iso-pro-ter-en-ol

33
Q

What are the two classes of adrenergic receptors?

A

alpha and beta

34
Q

Binding of epi/nor epi to an alpha-1 causes….

A

smooth muscle contraction

35
Q

Binding of epi/norepi to an alpha-2 causes….

A

inhibition of neurotransmitter release AND smooth muscle contraction

36
Q

Binding of eli/norepi to a beta causes….

A

Heart muscle contraction, smooth muscle RELAXATION, and glycogenolysis

37
Q

What are the three classifications of adrenergic drugs?

A

Direct acting, indirect acting, mixed action

38
Q

______ acting adrenergic drugs produce effects by directly stimulating receptor

A

direct acting

39
Q

_______ acting adrenergic drugs cause the release of endogenous norepinephrine, which then produces the response

A

indirect acting

40
Q

_______ acting adrenergic drugs either stimulate the receptor directly or cause release of norepinephrine

A

mixed action

41
Q

What are the 4 categories of ADRENERGIC DRUGS?

A
  1. Alpha-Agonists 2.Beta-agonists 3.Alpha-antagonists 4.beta-antagonists
42
Q

What are the 2 effects of an ALPHA receptor stimulation?

A

1.Vasoconstriction of vessels in the skin (pale looking/stops bleeding in fight scenario) 2.Smooth muscle contraction

43
Q

What are the 3 effects of a BETA-1 receptor stimulation???

A

1.Increase RATE of heart contractions 2.Increase the FORCE of heart contractions 3. break down glycogen

44
Q

What are the 3 effects of BETA-2 receptor stimulation???

A
  1. Smooth muscle RELAXATION 2.VasoDILATION of skeletal muscle vessels 3.BronchoDILATION (relax of smooth muscle in bronchioles)
45
Q

Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-CNS _______.

A

CNS excitation (alertness, anxiety, restlessness)

46
Q

Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-________ peripheral resistance

A

increased

47
Q

Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-_______ blood pressure

A

increased

48
Q

Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-______ pupils (_______)

A

Dilates pupils (mydriasis)

49
Q

Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)- _____ breathing

A

ease

50
Q

Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)- _________ (_________ blood sugar)

A

Hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar)

51
Q

Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics)-________ (vaso________ to parotids decreases ______ saliva; increased ______ saliva)

A

Xerostomia (vasoconstriction to parotids decreases watery saliva; increased mucous saliva)

52
Q

Uses for Adrenergic Agonists-________= epinephrine is used to prolong the action of anesthetics and to produce hemostasis

A

VASOCONSTRICTION

53
Q

Uses for Adrenergic Agonists- _________ = nose drops/sprays that cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels in nose and reduce swelling of mucous membranes in nose

A

decongestants

54
Q

Uses for Adrenergic Agonists- Treatment of ______ = elevate low blood pressure

A

shock

55
Q

Uses for Adrenergic Agonists-Treatment of ________ = epinephrine can be used to “jump start” the heart

A

cardiac arrest

56
Q

Uses for Adrenergic Agonists-______ and _______ = bronchodilation eases breathing

A

Asthma and emphysema

57
Q

Uses for Adrenergic Agonists-CNS _______ = amphetamines (stimulants) are used for treatment of ADD and ADHD

A

stimulation

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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