Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Exam 5-Stimulants > Flashcards

Exam 5-Stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main systems that are indicated for the use of stimulants?

A

CNS and respiratory systems…stimulants are primarily used as an antidote for depression in these systems…“ANALEPTIC”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which class of stimulants are primarily used for asthma to reverse respiratory depression (bronchodilators)?

A

Xanthenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which class of stimulants are primarily for hyperkinetic children?

A

Centrally acting sympatho-mimetics (amphetamine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which class of stimulant is primarily used for diagnostic purposes?

A

convulsants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three examples of Xanthenes? (thank the lord Jesus for these!)

A

aminophylline, theophylline, and caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

I love this shit- 12 oz can of Coke = ____ mg caffeine

A

50 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

I love this shit- 1 cup coffee = ___ mg caffeine

A

85 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

I love this shit- 1 cup tea = ___ mg caffeine + _______

A

50 mg caffeine + theophylline!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

___-____ mg of caffeine or theophylline is needed to increase cortical activity (1 to 4 cups of coffee) (while the OTC pill forms have ____-____ mg of caffeine

A

50-200 mg…100-200 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stimulant potency….Cerebral cortex = ___-___ mg (small dose produces effect = more potent)…Brain stem = >___ mg (greater dose required)…Spinal cord = _____ mg (highest dose required) = can lead to convulsions, SHAKINESS

A

50-200 mg….250 mg…1000 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharm effects of stimulants-Blood vessel _____…especially _____ and ______ blood vessels

A

dilation…coronary and peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pharm effects of stimulants- _____ receptor effect

A

beta-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Caffeine ________ peripheral resistance and can therefore cause _____tension, but guess what _______ more potent than caffeine!! WHAA

A

decreases…hypotension… theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HMMMMM while Caffeine dilates the peripheral and coronary vessels, it CONSTRICTS _______ blood vessels which is great for treating a _______!!

A

cerebral…headache!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Xanthenes also cause cardiac muscle stimulation via _____ receptors.. the overall effect is ______ cardiac output

A

beta 1…increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Did you know? theophylline = inhibits _____ which increases perfusion

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GOOD TO KNOW! Caffeine will cause arrhythmias in someone who is at risk for them, but does not produce them in a normal heart *

A

arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Xanthene Pharm Effects- the Beta-2 effect. these drugs will _______ smooth muscle and will therefore broncho_______

A

relax…bronchoDilate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Xanthene Pharm Effects-Which xanthene is such a potent bronchodilator tha it is used to treat asthma?

A

Theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Xanthene Pharm Effects- the ONLY instance where caffeine was more influential then theophylline is ______ contraction. This can lead to _____ in the neck.

A

skeletal muscle contraction..tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Xanthene Pharm Effects- _______ by increasing GFR, inhibiting ADH and increasing perfusion to kidney

A

Diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Xanthene Pharm Effects- _______ by increasing GFR, inhibiting ADH and increasing perfusion to kidney

A

Diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The only two cases where caffeine is equal to or greater than in potency/efficacy of theophylline is _____ and _____.

A

CNS (equal), Skeletal Muscle (greater than)

24
Q

The only two cases where caffeine is equal to or greater than in potency/efficacy of theophylline is _____ and _____.

A

CNS (equal), Skeletal Muscle (greater than)

25
Q

Adverse reactions of Xanthenes-_____tenison and _____ forming.

A

hypotension and habit forming

26
Q

Adverse reactions of Xanthenes-_____tenison and _____ forming.

A

hypotension and habit forming

27
Q

Caffeine toxicity NOOOOO! ____ mg required to produce toxicity.

A

300 mg

28
Q

INTERESTING! _____ or more cups of caffeine daily produces physical dependence (_____ mg /day > 6 cups of coffee = 510 mg)

A

5…600 mg

29
Q

Caffeine- ______ syndrome begins within 24 hours of discontinuance and you can develop ______ to the effects. NOOOOOOO

A

withdrawl…tolerance

30
Q

Therapeutic uses of Xanthenes- what in the lungs? What in the CNS?

A

Asthma and wakefulness

31
Q

Therapeutic uses of Xanthenes- can help with some CNS depressant _______ as well as _____ when added with analgesics.

A

poisonings…migranes

32
Q

Therapeutic uses of Xanthenes- Treatment of acute pulmonary _____ and apnea in preterm infants and lastly as a _______ by increasing kidney perfusion, inhibits ADH

A

edema…diuretic

33
Q

CNS Sympathomimetics!!-Amphetamines, mech of action: Direct ______ or dopamine receptor agonists

A

alpha-1

34
Q

CNS Sympathomimetics!!-Amphetamines, mech of action: much like an antidepressant, they are _____ inhibitors, ______ inhibitors

A

MAOI, and SSRI

35
Q

CNS Sympathomimetics!!-Amphetamines, mech of action: Presynaptic releasers of endogenous ________.

A

catecholamines

36
Q

CNS Sympathomimetics!!-Amphetamines, mech of action: Presynaptic releasers of endogenous ________.

A

catecholamines

37
Q

Effects of CNS Sympathomimetics- they _______ fatigue! And increase wakefulness, mood, confidence, but they don’t help you in exam performance :(

A

decrease

38
Q

Effects of CNS Sympathomimetics- reduces ______ sleep

A

REM

39
Q

Effects of CNS Sympathomimetics-Produces psychic depression, ______

A

paranoia (yikes)

40
Q

Effects of CNS Sympathomimetics- Cool! it _____ appetite, but ______ develops after only 1 week. Also stimulates your medullary _______ center…

A

depresses….tolerance…respiratory

41
Q

What is the “only good” therapeutic indication for amphetamines? What is a VERY common second indication?

A

Narcolepsy..hyperkinetic (ADD, ADHD)

42
Q

Amphetamines-of interest…Tolerance develops to anorexia and euphoria, but not _______, Giving amphetamines (alpha 2 agonists) _______ analgesic effects of some opiates (meperidine)

A

wakefulness…enhances

43
Q

CHRONIC toxicity of CNS sympathomimetics can lead to ________.

A

paranoid schizophrenia

44
Q

With the amphetamine-like Cocaine, ______ and ______ remain in the synapse, it crosses the BBB and then causes _______.

A

NE and dopamine….euphoria

45
Q

With the amphetamine-like Cocaine, Chronic inhalation through nose causes perforation of nasal septum due to constant __________ from NE release

A

vasoconstriction

46
Q

Drugs for ADHD, _________ (______)* = blocks reuptake of dopaminergic neurons, your going to want to avoid _______ while on this drug.

A

methyl-phen-id-ate (Ritalin)…vasoconstrictors

47
Q

Which ADHD med blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, inhibits monamine oxidase, enhances sympathomimetic response of epinephrine/norepinephrine = avoid vasoconstrictor

A

dextro-amphetamine (Dexadrine)

48
Q

Which ADHD drug is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor?

A

atom-ox-et-ine (Straterra)

49
Q

______ is a cough and cold medication to relieve bronchial and nasal congestion!

A

ephedrine (Pretz-D)

50
Q

What two diet pills (amphetamines) have been pulled from the market?

A

PPA and ephedra

51
Q

WARNING-Use caution when administering ________ with vasoconstrictors to patients using these drugs (AMPHETAMINES)

A

local anesthetics

52
Q

WARNING-Use caution when administering ________ with vasoconstrictors to patients using these drugs (AMPHETAMINES)

A

local anesthetics

53
Q

WHAAAA!?!? What “other stimulant” is sold as parenteral drug to reverse general anesthesia or drug-induced respiratory depression? What else can it treat???

A

dox-a-pram (Dopram)…apnea in infants (stimulates respiratory centers)

54
Q

Even though most cholinergic receptors in brain are muscarinic, low doses of _______ from smoke stimulates nicotinic receptors in brain stem and cortex

A

NICOTINE

55
Q

Higher doses of NICOTINE cause ______, emesis and stimulation of respiratory center….STILL higher concentrations cause ________, which can be FATAL

A

tremor….convulsions

56
Q

NICOTINE IS ONE OF THE MOST _________ SUBSTANCES KNOWN!!!!

A

ADDICTING

Pharmacology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions