Exam 1: PharmacoDynamics Flashcards
_________ is the study of the biochemical and physiologic actions of drugs, and their mechanisms of drug action at the cell level and sub-cell level…AKA-What the drug does to the body
PharmacoDynamics
Drugs do not impart NEW functions: they either: Produce the ____ action as the body’s own chemicals OR _____ the action of the body’s own chemicals
SAME….BLOCK
Action at _____ level is an interaction and binding of the drug to receptor macromolecules.
cellular
Receptors may be: metabolic or regulatory _______; proteins or ________ associated with transport mechanism; or structural and functional components of the cell membrane or _______.
enzymes….glycoproteins..nucleic acids
A single cell may have _______ of receptor sites.
Hundreds
______ binding and _____ binding are the most common methods for a drug to bind to a receptor.
Hydrogen…ionic
The AFFINITY of a drug for a particular receptor and the type of binding is intimately related to the drug’s _______.
chemical structure
In a typical drug interaction with a protein/glycoprotein receptor, Drug binding occurs at ______ (amino acid residues) on protein structure. (INTERESTING!)
multiple sites
In a typical drug interaction with a protein/glycoprotein receptor, binding to one or more amino acid residues causes a ________ change in the protein molecule.
conformational
In a typical drug interaction with a protein/glycoprotein receptor, this results in a modification of the _______ structure to bring other amino acid residues closer to the drug = called an “______ fit”.
tertiary…“induced fit”
Induced fit is also known as the “________” mechanism of binding.
“lock and key”
For drugs that bind within the cell: Receptor protein may be a structural or enzymatic component of the cell membrane = _____ of the cell membrane.
part
Proteins that ______ the cell membrane act as drug receptors.
SPAN
The term “______” refers to the molecules that bind to the receptor protein or receptor glycoprotein.
ligand
What are the 4 possible types of ligands?
- hormones 2. neurotransmitters 3.growth factors 4.drug molecules
When a ligand binds to a SPECIFIC area of the receptor protein on the outer surface of the cell, or within the cell membrane, a ________ occurs in the receptor-protein molecule which is transmitted to the inner surface of the cell membrane.
conformational change
What are the 4 well known mechanisms by which receptors induce a response? you got this dawg
1.Ligand-Gated Ion Channels 2.G-Proteins 3.Intracellular Receptors 4.tyrosine kinase receptors
Ligand-gated ion channels are found in ______ tissues like nerves in the CNS, neuromuscular junctions, and autonomic ganglia.
excitable
For Ion Channel Receptors: The ligand binding occurs directly to ______ at channel site.
receptor
For Ion Channel Receptors: the receptors are located on ______-gated channels and ______-gated channels.
ligand-gated….voltage-gated
For Ion Channel Receptors: Binding causes the channel to ______, allowing for the influx of ions.
OPEN
For Ion Channel Receptors: KEY POINT—>Binding increases cell membrane permeability to ______ and _______ = determines ________ or hyperpolarization of nerve = affects nerve _____.
sodium & potassium..depolarization…firing
In signal transduction: ligand binding causes a series of events which generate a ______ messenger.
second
Second messengers pass the message from the inside of the cell to the effector ______ (target site of action)
organ…interesting!
