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PHRM 845 Therapeutics > Exam 5 - Psychedelics and Inhalants Svensson > Flashcards

Exam 5 - Psychedelics and Inhalants Svensson Flashcards

1
Q

which is NOT a derivative of phenethylamine?

a. DMT
b. mescaline
c. MDA
d. MDMA

A

a. DMT

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2
Q

which is a derivative of tryptamine?

a. MDA
b. mescaline
c. ibogaine
d. MDMA

A

c. ibogaine

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3
Q

3 derivatives of phenethylamine

A

mescaline
MDA
MDMA

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4
Q

4 derivatives of tryptamine

A

DMT
5-MeO-DiPT
LSD
Ibogaine

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5
Q

derivatives of phenethylamine and tryptamine are _______ psychedelics

a. classical
b. dissociative

A

a. classical

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6
Q

3 dissociative psychedelics

A

phencyclidine (PCP)
ketamine
muscimol

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7
Q

which of the following is a dissociative psychedelic?

a. 5-MeO-DiPT
b. muscimol
c. mescaline
d. ibogaine

A

b. muscimol

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8
Q

T or F: psilocybin is a pro-drug

A

T (of psilocin)

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9
Q

_______ combines the mechanism of LSD and MDMA

a. muscimol
b. mescaline
c. DMT
d. PCP

A

b. mescaline

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10
Q

Most classical psychedelics are agonists of what receptor? What is the one exception?

A

5-HT2A
exception: MDMA stimulates 5-HT release

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11
Q

which of the following is FALSE about psychedelics?

a. rapid development of tolerance (3 days in a row)
b. frequent use can lead to mood changes
c. oceanic boundlessness is a highly pleasurable state of self dissolution
d. high addiction potential

A

d. high addiction potential (no evidence of addictive potential)

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12
Q

which is NOT a shortcoming of clinical trials for psychedelics?

a. large sample size
b. lack of or inadequate controls
c. selection bias, many volunteers excluded

A

a. large sample size (small)

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13
Q

2 actions of dissociative psychedelics

A
  1. inhibition of GABA release
  2. disinhibition of glutamate release
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14
Q

for ketamine, where does disinhibition of glutamate release occur?

a. cortex
b. subcortical areas
c. both

A

a. cortex

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15
Q

for ketamine, where does the inhibition of GABA release occur?

a. cortex
b. subcortical areas
c. both

A

c. both

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16
Q

In contrast to classical psychedelics, dissociative
psychedelics act as _______ of NMDA receptors

A

antagonists

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17
Q

which of the following is FALSE about the NMDA receptor (NMDAR)?

a. ionotropic
b. fast and excitatory
c. primarily presynaptic
d. can bind glutamate and glycine

A

c. primarily presynaptic (postsynaptic)

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18
Q

Select the TRUE statement

a. the R form of ketamine is more active
b. dextromethorphan is also a dopamine reuptake inhibitor
c. ketamine is used in opioid tolerant pts for acute pain
d. dextromethorphan can cause “high” at 100-600 mg doses
e. ketamine is abused by ~4% of high schoolers
f. ketamine is slow and long acting

A

d. dextromethorphan can cause “high” at 100-600 mg doses

(A is the S form; b is serotonin; c is chronic pain; e is dextromethorphan; f is fast and short acting)

19
Q

PCP is an NMDA ______ and a dopamine D2 _____

a. agonist; agonist
b. antagonist; agonist
c. agonist; antagonist
d. antagonist; antagonist

A

b. antagonist; agonist

20
Q

which is more potent, ketamine or PCP?

A

PCP

21
Q

ibotenic acid undergoes decarboxylation to yield _____

a. Ibogaine
b. Mescaline
c. DMT
d. Muscimol

A

d. Muscimol

22
Q

muscimol is an _____ of _____

a. agonist; GABA-A
b. agonist; GABA-B
c. antagonist; GABA-A
d. antagonist; GABA-B

A

a. agonist; GABA-A

23
Q

4 categories of psychoactive inhalants

A

liquids
aerosols
gases
nitrites

24
Q

3 outcomes of alkyl nitrites (slide 21)

A

smooth muscle relaxation
platelet inhibition
changes in gene expression

25
Q

4 volatile solvents we talked about

A

toluene
acetone
benzene
butane

26
Q

T or F: Volatile solvents are liquid at room temperature and evaporate readily when exposed to air

A

T

27
Q

T or F: volatile solvents such as acetone, etc have the lowest frequency of use among adolescents

A

F (highest)

28
Q

model glues, correction fluids, lacquer
thinners, plastic cements, spray paints

a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane

A

a. toluene

29
Q

nail polish remover, model glue, rubber cements

a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane

A

b. acetone

30
Q

cleaning fluids, rubber cements, tire tube repair kits

a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane

A

c. benzene

31
Q

cigarette lighters, hair spray, spray paint

a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane

A

d. butane

32
Q

which is the most characterized of the volatile solvents?

a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane

A

a. toluene

33
Q

number of inhalant-related fatalities in the US is about how many per year? (range)

A

100-200 per year

34
Q

toluene use causes the most potentiation of which ion channel?

A

GABA-A

35
Q

which is an ACUTE clinical effect of volatile solvents?

a. CNS depression
b. locomotor stimulation, euphoria
c. sedation
d. slurred speech, disorientation

A

b. locomotor stimulation, euphoria

36
Q

toluene is metabolized via what organ?

A

liver

37
Q

which of the following causes asphyxiation?

a. repeated inhalations that lead to high conc of inhaled fumes, which displace oxygen in the lungs
b. blocking air from entering the lungs when inhaling fumes from a plastic bag placed over the head
c. abnormal electrical discharges in the brain
d. inhalation of vomit after inhalant use

A

a. repeated inhalations that lead to high conc of inhaled fumes, which displace oxygen in the lungs

38
Q

sudden sniffing death syndrome is development of fatal _______ within minutes of inhalation of volatile solvents

a. convulsions
b. vomiting
c. arrhythmias
d. coma

A

c. arrhythmias

39
Q

A thought disorder leading to an unpleasant state of anxiety and sense of loss of control.

a. oceanic boundlessness
b. anxious ego-dissolution
c. visionary restructuralization

A

b. anxious ego-dissolution

40
Q

dissociative psychedelic that is an NMDA receptor antagonist and induces anesthesia and analgesia

a. PCP
b. mescaline
c. ketamine
d. LSD
e. muscimol

A

c. ketamine

41
Q

LSD is a classical psychedelic derived from phenethylamine.

a. True
b. False

A

b. False (tryptamine)

42
Q

Joe is a 50 to 60 year-old man that I have frequently encountered while serving at the local homeless shelter. On most occasions, he insists that he arrived in an Army Blackhawk helicopter that landed in the parking lot and he is taking a break from a secret mission specifically directed by the President of the United States. Joe is experiencing a(n)

A. Delusion
B. Hallucination
C. Illusion
D. Oceanic boundlessness
E. Anxious ego-dissolution

A

A. Delusion

43
Q

Which of the following agents is most likely to produce bizarre behavior that includes self-harm in the absence of distress about that harm?

a. LSD
b. Amyl nitrite
c. PCP
d. Mescaline
e. Cannabis

A

c. PCP

44
Q

Acute use of which of the following agents is most likely to result in sudden death?

a. DMT
b. Psilocybin
c. Dextromethorphan
d. Toluene
e. Amyl nitrite

A

d. Toluene

PHRM 845 Therapeutics (34 decks)

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