Exam 5 - Psychedelics and Inhalants Svensson Flashcards
which is NOT a derivative of phenethylamine?
a. DMT
b. mescaline
c. MDA
d. MDMA
a. DMT
which is a derivative of tryptamine?
a. MDA
b. mescaline
c. ibogaine
d. MDMA
c. ibogaine
3 derivatives of phenethylamine
mescaline
MDA
MDMA
4 derivatives of tryptamine
DMT
5-MeO-DiPT
LSD
Ibogaine
derivatives of phenethylamine and tryptamine are _______ psychedelics
a. classical
b. dissociative
a. classical
3 dissociative psychedelics
phencyclidine (PCP)
ketamine
muscimol
which of the following is a dissociative psychedelic?
a. 5-MeO-DiPT
b. muscimol
c. mescaline
d. ibogaine
b. muscimol
T or F: psilocybin is a pro-drug
T (of psilocin)
_______ combines the mechanism of LSD and MDMA
a. muscimol
b. mescaline
c. DMT
d. PCP
b. mescaline
Most classical psychedelics are agonists of what receptor? What is the one exception?
5-HT2A
exception: MDMA stimulates 5-HT release
which of the following is FALSE about psychedelics?
a. rapid development of tolerance (3 days in a row)
b. frequent use can lead to mood changes
c. oceanic boundlessness is a highly pleasurable state of self dissolution
d. high addiction potential
d. high addiction potential (no evidence of addictive potential)
which is NOT a shortcoming of clinical trials for psychedelics?
a. large sample size
b. lack of or inadequate controls
c. selection bias, many volunteers excluded
a. large sample size (small)
2 actions of dissociative psychedelics
- inhibition of GABA release
- disinhibition of glutamate release
for ketamine, where does disinhibition of glutamate release occur?
a. cortex
b. subcortical areas
c. both
a. cortex
for ketamine, where does the inhibition of GABA release occur?
a. cortex
b. subcortical areas
c. both
c. both
In contrast to classical psychedelics, dissociative
psychedelics act as _______ of NMDA receptors
antagonists
which of the following is FALSE about the NMDA receptor (NMDAR)?
a. ionotropic
b. fast and excitatory
c. primarily presynaptic
d. can bind glutamate and glycine
c. primarily presynaptic (postsynaptic)
Select the TRUE statement
a. the R form of ketamine is more active
b. dextromethorphan is also a dopamine reuptake inhibitor
c. ketamine is used in opioid tolerant pts for acute pain
d. dextromethorphan can cause “high” at 100-600 mg doses
e. ketamine is abused by ~4% of high schoolers
f. ketamine is slow and long acting
d. dextromethorphan can cause “high” at 100-600 mg doses
(A is the S form; b is serotonin; c is chronic pain; e is dextromethorphan; f is fast and short acting)
PCP is an NMDA ______ and a dopamine D2 _____
a. agonist; agonist
b. antagonist; agonist
c. agonist; antagonist
d. antagonist; antagonist
b. antagonist; agonist
which is more potent, ketamine or PCP?
PCP
ibotenic acid undergoes decarboxylation to yield _____
a. Ibogaine
b. Mescaline
c. DMT
d. Muscimol
d. Muscimol
muscimol is an _____ of _____
a. agonist; GABA-A
b. agonist; GABA-B
c. antagonist; GABA-A
d. antagonist; GABA-B
a. agonist; GABA-A
4 categories of psychoactive inhalants
liquids
aerosols
gases
nitrites
3 outcomes of alkyl nitrites (slide 21)
smooth muscle relaxation
platelet inhibition
changes in gene expression
4 volatile solvents we talked about
toluene
acetone
benzene
butane
T or F: Volatile solvents are liquid at room temperature and evaporate readily when exposed to air
T
T or F: volatile solvents such as acetone, etc have the lowest frequency of use among adolescents
F (highest)
model glues, correction fluids, lacquer
thinners, plastic cements, spray paints
a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane
a. toluene
nail polish remover, model glue, rubber cements
a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane
b. acetone
cleaning fluids, rubber cements, tire tube repair kits
a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane
c. benzene
cigarette lighters, hair spray, spray paint
a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane
d. butane
which is the most characterized of the volatile solvents?
a. toluene
b. acetone
c. benzene
d. butane
a. toluene
number of inhalant-related fatalities in the US is about how many per year? (range)
100-200 per year
toluene use causes the most potentiation of which ion channel?
GABA-A
which is an ACUTE clinical effect of volatile solvents?
a. CNS depression
b. locomotor stimulation, euphoria
c. sedation
d. slurred speech, disorientation
b. locomotor stimulation, euphoria
toluene is metabolized via what organ?
liver
which of the following causes asphyxiation?
a. repeated inhalations that lead to high conc of inhaled fumes, which displace oxygen in the lungs
b. blocking air from entering the lungs when inhaling fumes from a plastic bag placed over the head
c. abnormal electrical discharges in the brain
d. inhalation of vomit after inhalant use
a. repeated inhalations that lead to high conc of inhaled fumes, which displace oxygen in the lungs
sudden sniffing death syndrome is development of fatal _______ within minutes of inhalation of volatile solvents
a. convulsions
b. vomiting
c. arrhythmias
d. coma
c. arrhythmias
A thought disorder leading to an unpleasant state of anxiety and sense of loss of control.
a. oceanic boundlessness
b. anxious ego-dissolution
c. visionary restructuralization
b. anxious ego-dissolution
dissociative psychedelic that is an NMDA receptor antagonist and induces anesthesia and analgesia
a. PCP
b. mescaline
c. ketamine
d. LSD
e. muscimol
c. ketamine
LSD is a classical psychedelic derived from phenethylamine.
a. True
b. False
b. False (tryptamine)
Joe is a 50 to 60 year-old man that I have frequently encountered while serving at the local homeless shelter. On most occasions, he insists that he arrived in an Army Blackhawk helicopter that landed in the parking lot and he is taking a break from a secret mission specifically directed by the President of the United States. Joe is experiencing a(n)
A. Delusion
B. Hallucination
C. Illusion
D. Oceanic boundlessness
E. Anxious ego-dissolution
A. Delusion
Which of the following agents is most likely to produce bizarre behavior that includes self-harm in the absence of distress about that harm?
a. LSD
b. Amyl nitrite
c. PCP
d. Mescaline
e. Cannabis
c. PCP
Acute use of which of the following agents is most likely to result in sudden death?
a. DMT
b. Psilocybin
c. Dextromethorphan
d. Toluene
e. Amyl nitrite
d. Toluene
