Exam 5 - Alcohol Use Watts Flashcards
alcohol peak absorption range (in minutes)
30-90 min
alcohol elim follows ____ order kinetics at or above 10-20 mg/dL
zero
when is alcohol metabolized by the MEOS? Which CYP is involved?
only at high conc; CYP2E1
fomepizole is an _____ inhibitor
ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase)
alcohol is mainly metabolized by what enzyme?
alcohol dehydrogenase
what is fomepizole used for and how does it work?
used for ethylene glycol, methanol poisoning; slows formation of formaldehyde and toxic metabolites
acetaldehyde is metabolized by what enzyme?
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
which SNP in ALDH2 reduces activity?
a. ALDH2 *1
b. ALDH2 *2
c. ALDH2 *6
d. ALDH2 *17
b. ALDH2 *2
disulfiram is a _______ inhibitor of ALDH
a. reversible
b. irreversible
b. irreversible
alcohol is an allosteric activator of inhibitory NTs at which receptors?
GABA-A
T or F: alcohol causes release of enkephalins
T
CNS stimulation occurs at what BAC range?
a. 30-60 mg/dL
b. 60-90 mg/dL
c. 80-120 mg/dL
d. 100-200 mg/dL
c. 80-120 mg/dL
euphoria, disinhibition, being more talkative occurs at what BAC range?
a. 30-60 mg/dL
b. 60-90 mg/dL
c. 80-120 mg/dL
d. 100-200 mg/dL
a. 30-60 mg/dL
alcohol has an analgesic effect at what BAC range?
a. 30-60 mg/dL
b. 60-90 mg/dL
c. 80-120 mg/dL
d. 100-200 mg/dL
b. 60-90 mg/dL
CNS depression occurs at what BAC range?
a. 30-60 mg/dL
b. 60-90 mg/dL
c. 80-120 mg/dL
d. 100-200 mg/dL
d. 100-200 mg/dL
which of the following is FALSE about the CV effects of alcohol?
a. vasodilation occurs with acute use
b. inc risk of coronary disease with moderate use
c. cardiomyopathy can occur with chronic use
d. binge drinking can cause arrhythmias
b. inc risk of coronary disease with moderate use (dec risk due to inc HDL)
T or F: alcohol consumption causes hyperthermia
F (hypothermia; ppl who drink alcohol may have the illusion of warmth however)
alcohol is a _______ in the GI system
secretagogue (inc secretions)
which of the following is FALSE about the long-term effects of alcohol on the liver?
a. inc fat metabolism
b. fatty liver leads to cirrhosis
c. vitamin deficiencies
d. glutathione increased
e. can cause ascites, edema, effusions
d. glutathione increased (reduced)
drug used to detoxify NAPQI
n-acetylcysteine (NAC)
alcohol and acetaminophen use casues an increase in which toxic metabolite?
NAPQI
which of the following is NOT an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor?
a. opioids
b. disulfiram
c. metronidazole
d. cephalosporins
e. tolbutamide
a. opioids
1 in ___ US adults meet alcohol use disorder criteria
8
3 FDA approved drugs for alcoholism
disulfiram
acamprosate
naltrexone
aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
a. disulfiram
b. acamprosate
c. naltrexone
a. disulfiram
NMDA antagonist/GABA agonist
a. disulfiram
b. acamprosate
c. naltrexone
b. acamprosate
opioid receptor antagonist
a. disulfiram
b. acamprosate
c. naltrexone
c. naltrexone
causes flushing, throbbing, headache, N&V, sweating, hypotension, confusion
a. disulfiram
b. acamprosate
c. naltrexone
a. disulfiram
pts should be alcohol free for 24 hours
a. disulfiram
b. acamprosate
c. naltrexone
a. disulfiram
_______ is more effective in pts with an SNP in the mu opioid receptor gene
a. disulfiram
b. acamprosate
c. naltrexone
c. naltrexone (look for 118G mutation)
the alanine118glycine mutation changes what amino acids? What does this do?
changes asparagine to aspartate which has 3x higher potency for beta-endorphins, pts will respond better to naltrexone
3 off-label drugs for alcoholism
topiramate
baclofen
varenicline
inhibits glutamate signaling, enhances GABA signaling
a. topiramate
b. baclofen
c. varenicline
a. topiramate
has similar mechanism to acamprosate
a. topiramate
b. baclofen
c. varenicline
a. topiramate
stimulates GABA-B receptors
a. topiramate
b. baclofen
c. varenicline
b. baclofen
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist
a. topiramate
b. baclofen
c. varenicline
c. varenicline
