Exam 5 - Male Reproductive System Flashcards by Kyleigh Sorn

What do the primary sex organs do?

Produce gametes so testes or ovaries

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What are secondary sex organs?

Organs other than gonads that are necessary for reproduction

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What are the secondary sex organs of males?

System of ducts, glands; penis delivers sperm cells

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What are secondary sex characteristics?

features that distinguish the sexes and influence mate attraction; developed at puberty

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What are the secondary sex characteristics of both sexes?

Pubic and axillary hair and their associated scent glands, and the pitch of the voice

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What is the secondary sex characteristics of males?

Facial hair, coarse and visible hair on the torso and limbs, relatively muscular physique

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What is the perineum?

Diamond-shaped area between thighs

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Where is the spermatic cord?

Connects testes into pelvic cavity

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What are cremaster muscles and what do they do?

Strips of the internal abdominal oblique muscle; contracts in cold temp and relaxes in warm temp

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What are dartos muscles?

Subcutaneous layer of smooth muscle that also contracts when cold and reduces surface are for heat loss

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What are pampiniform plexus?

Extensive network of veins that removes heat from descending arterial blood

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What are the testes?

Combined endocrine and exocrine glands that produce sex hormones and sperm

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What is the tunica albuginea?

White fibrous capsule on testes

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What are seminiferous tubules?

Ducts where sperm are produced

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What line the seminiferous tubules?

Sustentacular cells between germ cells and interstitial cells between tubules

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What is the blood-testis barrier(BTB)?

Tight junctions between sustentacular cells; separate sperm from immune system

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What are the rete testis?

Network on the posterior side of the testis that collects sperm from seminiferous tubules

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What are efferent ductules?

Ciliated ducts collecting sperm from rete testes to epididymis

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What happens at the duct of epididymis?

Sperm maturation and storage

What is the seminal vesicles and what do they do?

Pair of glands that empties into ejaculatory duct; forms 60% semen

What is the prostate gland and what does it do?

Surrounds urethra and ejaculatory duct; thin milky secretion forms 30% of semen

What are the bulbourethral glands and what do they do?

Near bulb of penis; produce clear slippery fluid and protects sperm by neutralizing the acidity of urine

What is prostate cancer?

Tumor near periphery of the gland that does not obstruct urine flow

Where is the digital rectal exam?

Palpated through rectal wall to check for tumors

Where is the corpus spongiosum?

Ventral side of penis that encloses urethra

Where are the corpora cavernosa?

The other side of the penis that diverge like a Y

What leads to the onset of puberty?

Surge of pituitary gonadotropins

What is adolescence?

Period from onset of gonadotropin secretion

What is puberty?

The first few years of adolescence until first menstrual period in girls or first ejaculation of viable sperm in boys

When do testes secrete testosterone?

First trimester of fetal development

What does GnRH secrete when stimulated?

FSH and LH

What does FSH do in men?

Stimulates sustentacular cells to secrete androgen-binding protein that binds testosterone

What does LH do in males?

Stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

What happens during puberty of males?

Growth of sex organs such as penis, testes, and scrotum; stimulates sperm production and libido (sex drive)

What does testosterone do during males puberty?

Stimulates generalized body growth

What does DHT do during puberty?

Causes pubic hair, axillary hair, and facial hair

What happens during adulthood for men?

Inhibin from sustentacular cells suppress FSH output; reducing sperm production without reducing LH and testosterone secretion

What are the hormonal steps in men?

1) GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates to secrete FSH and LH 2) FSH stimulates sustentacular cells to secrete ABP 3) LH stimulates interstitial cells to secrete testosterone 4) In presence of ABP, testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis 5) Testosterone stimulates libido and the development of secondary sex organs 6) Testosterone has negative feedback that reduces GnRH 7) Sustentacular cells also secrete inhibin that inhibits FSH secretion reducing sperm production

What are the two parts of spermatozoon?

Head and tail

What are the parts of the head of a spermatozoon?

Nucleus, acrosome (contains enzymes to penetrate the egg), and basal body

What are the parts of the tail of a spermatozoon?

Midpiece (contains mitochondria and produces ATP), Principal piece, and endpiece

What does semen consist of?

60% seminal vesicle fluid, 30% prostatic fluid, and 10% sperm

What does the prostate fluid consist of?

Calcium, citrate, and phosphate ions

What does the seminal vesicles semen consist of?

Fructose and other carbohydrates, and proseminogelin

What causes semen to be sticky?

Clotting enzyme from prostate activates proseminogelin which converts it to seminogelin

How does semen become non-sticky?

Serine protease from prostatic fluid breaks down seminogelin, and liquifies it