Exam 5 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the layers of ovaries?
Tunica albuginea, outer cortex, and inner medulla
What happens in the outer cortex in the ovaries?
Where germ cells develop
What happens in the inner medulla of the ovaries?
Occupied by major arteries and veins
Where is the ovarian ligament?
It attaches the ovary to the uterus
Where is the suspensory ligament?
Attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall
What is the canal from ovary to uterus?
Fallopian tube (uterine tube)
What lines the fallopian tubes?
Muscular tube lined with ciliated cells
What are the major portions of the uterine tubes?
Infundibulum, fimbriae, ampulla, and isthmus
What is the mesosalpinx?
Superior potion of broad ligament that enfolds uterine tube
What are the regions of the uterus?
Fundus, body (corpus), and cervix
What is the lumen?
Upper two corners are openings to uterine tubes
What is the cervical canal?
Connects lumen to uterus to vagina
What does the cervical glands do?
Secrete mucus that prevents spread of microorganisms from vagina to uterus
What are the walls of the uterus?
Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium
What are the two layers of the endometrium?
Functional layer and basal layer
What layer develops during ovulation and will be removed during menstrual?
Functional layer of the endometrium
What is the fornices?
Bind-ended spaces at top of vagina that extend slightly beyond the cervix
What are the 3 major external genitalia?
Mons pubis, labia majora, and labia minora
When do mammary glands develop?
During pregnancy
What are the two regions of the breast and where are they?
Body and axillary tail; the tail extends to the armpit
What are nonlactating breast consist of?
Adipose and collagenous tissue
When does puberty begin?
Its triggered by rising levels of GnRH which then stimulates FSH and LH
What does FSH do in women?
Stimulates ovarian follicles and begin to secrete estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, and small amount of androgen
What are estrogens?
Feminizing hormones with widespread effects on the body
What is Thelarche?
The earliest set of puberty; onset of breast development
What is Pubarche?
Appearance of pubic and axillary hair
What is menarche?
First menstrual period; they first few menstrual cycles are anovulatory
What does Estradiol do?
Stimulates many changes in puberty; vaginal metaplasia, growth of ovaries and secondary sex organs, and stimulates growth hormones secretion
What does progesterone do?
Primarily acts on the uterus preparing it for possible pregnancy in the second half of the menstrual cycle
What does estrogen and progesterone do?
They suppress FSH and LH secretion through negative feedback
What does Inhibin do?
Selectively suppresses FSH secretion
What is climacteric?
Midlife change in hormone secretion; accompanied by menopause
What is hormone replacement therapy?
Low doses of estrogen and progesterone to relieve menopause
What is menopause and when does it happen?
Cessation of menstrual cycles and happens between ages of 45 and 55
What is the ovarian cycle?
Events in ovaries
What is the menstrual cycle?
Parallel changes in uterus
What is oogenesis?
Egg production; produces haploid gametes by means of meiosis
What do primordial follicles consist of?
Primary oocyte surrounded by single layer of squamous follicular cells
What do primary follicles consist of?
Larger secondary oocytes and surrounding layer of cuboidal follicular cells
What do secondary follicles consist of?
Larger oocytes and follicular cells with a zona pellucida and theca folliculi
What is the zona pellucida?
Layer of glycoprotein gel secreted by granulosa cells around the oocyte
What is the theca folliculi?
Connective tissue around the granulosa cells condenses to form fibrous husk
What happens during tertiary follicles?
The layers merge into a signal antrum; consist of cumulus oophorus and corna radiata
What is the cumulus oophorus?
A mound of granulosa cells on one side of the antrum that covers the oocyte and secures it to the follicular wall
What is the corona radiata?
Innermost layer of cells in the cumulus surrounding zona pellucida and oocyte
What are mature follicles?
About 20 days before ovulation, one follicle becomes dominant and holds all the FSH
What are the phases of the sexual cycle?
Follicular phase, ovulation, then luteal phase
When is the follicular phase?
Beginning of menstruation until ovulation
What are the hormones during the follicular phase?
FSH stimulates follicles to grow and secrete estradiol
When is ovulation and what happens?
Around day 14 and it is the rupture of the mature follicles and releases of its egg and attendant cells
What happens with hormones during ovulation?
Estradiol stimulates a surge of LH and lesser spike of FSH
What happens during luteal phase and when is it?
Follicle rupture it collapses and bleeds into antrum and the ovulated follicle becomes a corpus luteum it is just after ovulation
What causes the ruptured follicle to corpus luteum?
LH
What is the menstrual cycle?
Buildup of endometrium during most of the sexual cycle and it breaks down
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
Proliferative phase, secretory phase, premenstrual phase, and menstrual phase
What happens during the proliferative phase?
Rebuilding the endometrium and the new follicles secrete estrogen
What does the secretion of estrogen do?
It stimulates endometrial cells to produce progesterone receptors
What happens during the secretory phase?
The endometrium thickens more in response to progesterone from corpus luteum; the endometrial glands secrete glycogen
What happens during the premenstrual phase?
Period of endometrial degeneration it causes spasmodic contraction and tissue necrosis
What happens during the menstrual phase?
Discharge of menstrual fluid from the vagina
