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VM753 Clin Sci IV > Exam 5 - Livestock > Flashcards

Exam 5 - Livestock Flashcards

1
Q

Explain why no single herd vaccination program will work for all cattle

A

Different management styles and production systems will mean different exposures and varying risk factors

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2
Q

Provide reasons why vaccinated cattle can still develop disease

A

stress
vaccine type used
not following label
maternal ab interference

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3
Q

extra-label vx in livestock are only under certain conditions under the _____ and what are the conditions?

A

AMDUCA
dose, freq, booster, safety and efficacy not established
extended withdrawal times
veterinary products

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4
Q

vaccine recommendation in small ruminants:
core vx?
don’t vx within __ days of slaughter?

A

clostridium perfrigens C& D + Tetanus
21 days

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5
Q

why should vx be given SQ in sheep/goats?

A

meat quality assurance

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6
Q

risk factors of C. perfrigens and tetanus?

A

high grain diet
cx, tail docking
wounds

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7
Q

when should you vaccine breeding does/ewes?

A

q 6-12 months
vx 3-4 wks prior to parturition to increase colostral ab

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8
Q

when to vx kids/lambs from vx dams

A

9-12 wks of age
booster 3-4 wks later

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9
Q

when to vx kids/lambs from unvaccinated dam or possible/known FPT

A

1-3 wks of age
3-4 wks later booster
4 weeks later booster again

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10
Q

when should you vx sheep/goats for CL?

A

only on farms with endemic disease

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11
Q

when should you vx sheep/goats for contagious ecthyma? how do you give it?

A

only in herds with endemic disease or newly introduced
topical

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12
Q

vaccine recommendation in camelids

A

all extra-labeled
CDT, rabies +/- WNV

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13
Q

vaccine recommendation in pet pigs

A

erysipelas
rabies
leptospirosis
tetanus

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14
Q

Describe the difference between BVDV biotype and genotype

A

noncytopathic biotype is the predominant one transmitted naturally (PI)

BVDV Type I has both cytopathic and non-cytopathic

BVDV Type II has both cytopathic and non-cytopathic - noncytopathic causes thrombocytopenia

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15
Q

Compare and contrast acute (transient) BVDV infection, persistent BVDV infection, and mucosal disease

A

acute - naive animals exposed, mostly subclinical, can be immunosuppressed

PI - non-cytopathic infection during 30-125 days of gestation, clinically normal but weak/poor/immunosuppressed, extreme shedders

mucosal disease - spontaneous mutation in young PI animals = severe erosions/ulcers

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16
Q

to be persistently infected, cow must be infected with BVDV during what days of gestation

A

30-125 days

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17
Q

congenital defects can occur if the cow is infected with BVDV during what days of gestation

A

80-180 days

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18
Q

List diagnostic tests that can be used to identify acute (transient) infection and persistent BVDV infection

A

acute - VI, PCR, IHC, serology

PI - ear notch antigen capture ELISA or IHC

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19
Q

Outline testing strategies and management practices for a comprehensive BVDV control program in cattle

A

testing - herd screening via serology

management - eliminate the source, test, quarantine and vaccinate

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20
Q

List common bacterial and viral diseases that infect multiple organ systems in cattle

A

Bacterial:
Histophilus
Leptospirosis
Mycoplasma bovis
Viral:
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Bluetongue
Rinderpest
Foot and Mouth Disease

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21
Q

Histophilus somni
clinical signs of disease:
diagnostic:

A

clinical signs:
Respiratory (bronchopneumonia, pleuritis), Otitis media, TME, septic arthritis, myocarditis
diagnostic:
culture

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22
Q

Histophilus somni treatment

A

oxytet, florfenicol, ceftiofur

tetracyclines in feed for control

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23
Q

Leptospirosis
clinical signs of disease (host adapted (L.hardjo) vs nonhost adapted (L. pomona & L. icterohaemorrhagiae)):
diagnostic:

A

clinical signs:
non-host adapted: severe hemolytic anemia, nephritis, abortion, mastitis
host adapted: low grade dz, chronic, subclinical, abortion
diagnostic:
MAT, FA, culture, PCR

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24
Q

Lepto treatment

A

oxytet, ceftiofur

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25
Q

Mycoplasma bovis
clinical signs of disease:
diagnostic:

A

clinical signs:
respiratory, mastitis, otitis media, arthritis, tendonitis, tenosynovitis
diagnostic:
PCR, culture difficult

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26
Q

Mycoplasma bovis treatment

A

tulathromycin, florfenicol
no beta lactams bc no cell wall

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27
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever
clinical signs of disease:
diagnostic:
treatment:

A

clinical signs:
erosions, panophthalmitis, resp, hematuria, enlarged LN and lameness
diagnostic:
OHV-2 PCR
treatment:
none

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28
Q

Bluetongue
clinical signs of disease in cattle:
diagnostic:
treatment:

A

clinical signs:
asymptomatic, fever, laminitis, oral lesions, reproductive
diagnostic:
AGID, ELISA, PCR, VI
treatment:
supportive, antimicrobial

29
Q

Rinderpest
clinical syndromes

A

clinical signs:
lymphoid, alimentary, mm, lungs, leuokopenia

30
Q

Foot and Mouth Disease
clinical signs of disease:

A

clinical signs:
epidermal tissue, oral/feet/mammary lesions

31
Q

Identify the 3 main categorizes of anemia in cattle

A
  1. inadequate production
  2. hemolytic disease
  3. blood loss
32
Q

Identify the causes of hemolytic anemia in cattle

8 intravascular causes
2 extravascular causes

A

Intravascular:
Babesia
Cu tox (sheep)
Bacillary hemoglobinuria
Heinz bodies
immune
lepto
post parturient hemoglobinuria
water intoxication

Extravascular:
Anaplasma
Mycoplasma

33
Q

Compare and differentiate between extravascular and intravascular hemolytic diseases in cattle

A

IV = hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria

EV = NO hemoglobinuria, can have icterus/jaundice

34
Q

what is known as texas fever, cattle tick fever or piroplasmosis and is spread by the rhipicephalus tick?

A

Babesia

35
Q

a sheep on necropsy has a yellow friable liver and gunmetal kidneys, what does it have?

A

Cu toxicity

36
Q

what causes bacillary hemoglobinuria? treatment? control?

A

Clostridium haemolyticum (C. novyi type D) spores
tx: hard - can try penicillin
control: 8-way vx, anthelmintics, snail control

37
Q

do host adapted or non-host adapted lepto serovars cause hemolytic disease?

A

non-host adapted (L. pomona and L. icterohaemorrhagiae)

38
Q

what causes postparturient hemoglobinuria?
dairy or beef cattle?
treatment?

A

low phosphorus <3
dairy cattle
fleet edema diluted IV

39
Q

Anaplasma
range of signs:
diagnosis:
treatment:

A

calves - mild
adults - acute, severe
blood smear, PCR, serology
oxytet

40
Q

Mycoplasma wenyonii (cattle)
clinical signs:
diagnosis:
treatment:

A

subclinical common, young adult heifers get edema, anemia, fever
blood smear
oxytet

41
Q

plants that cause heinz body anemia?

A

onion, rape, kale

42
Q

plant that causes thrombocytopenia/pancytopenia in cattle?

A

bracken fern

43
Q

plant that causes clotting defects in cattle?

A

moldy sweet clover

44
Q

Compare and contrast sporadic lymphosarcoma from enzootic lymphosarcoma in cattle

A

sporadic: non-infectious, no BLV association, young cattle, rare
enzootic: infectious, BLV associated, common, adults

45
Q

Identify the cause of enzootic lymphosarcoma in cattle and describe how to confirm infection

A

bovine leukemia virus
serology for infection, PCR proviral load to assess threat of spread

46
Q

3 types of sporadic lymphosarcoma

A

juvenile
thymic
cutaneous

47
Q

3 types of enzootic lymphosarcoma

A

asymptomatic (majority)
Persistent lymphocytosis
lymphosarcoma

48
Q

List methods of transmission of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in cattle

A

transfer of intact lymphocytes - any secretion (blood, milk, discharge, semen)

49
Q

List the common tissue sites of enzootic lymphosarcoma in cattle

A

HULAS
heart, uterus, LN, abomasum, spinal cord

50
Q

Identify the cause and clinical signs of anthrax in ruminants.

A

Bacillus anthracis spores
sudden death, hemorrhaging from orifices, no blood clots, absence of rigor mortis

51
Q

Identify the diagnosis, and clinical management of anthrax in ruminant livestock

A

blood smear, culture/cytology
oxytet, penicillin, prophylactic abx, vaccine

52
Q

Identify the cause and clinical signs of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
chronic, internal/external abscess, enlarged LN, weight loss, resp disease

53
Q

Identify the diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants

A

culture/gram stain
serology for herd

54
Q

Describe the mechanisms of colostrum antibody production and absorption

A
  1. secretion of IgG from maternal serum to colostrum is active, selective and receptor mediated, occurs 4-6wk prepartum
  2. absorption of colostrum IgG from calf gut to system is non-selective, non-receptor mediated, due to M cells and pinocytosis and occurs first 24hrs
55
Q

Describe the requirements for successful passive transfer of colostral antibodies

A
  1. adequate IgG concentration
  2. adequate mass ingested
  3. timely absorption
  4. colostrum hygiene
56
Q

List guidelines to ensure adequate colostrum consumption - quantity?

A

4 quarts within 1-2 hrs

57
Q

serum IgG guideline for neonate

A

> 18 g/L

58
Q

serum total protein guideline for neonate

A

> 5.8 g/dl

59
Q

Brix refractometer guideline for neonate

A

> 8.9%

60
Q

Colostrum Goals for serum IgG and Brix refractometer?

A

> 50g/L
22%

61
Q

Cause of weak/dummy neonate? Describe how to manage/treat a weak/dummy neonate

A

perinatal hypoxia

62
Q

Explain the causes of neonatal enteritis and differences between agents and their disease effects

A

calf scours due to rotavirus, coronavirus and cryptosporidium – cause dehydration

inflam enteritis due to E.coli, salmonella, clostridial enteritis – cause tissue inflam/damage

63
Q

Describe how to treat neonatal enteritis

A

viral/protozoal - fluid therapy, adjunctive, abx limited efficacy

bacterial - fluid therapy, parenteral abx (broad spectrum, penicillin for clostridium), adjunctive

64
Q

Explain the signs commonly associated with neonatal septicemia

A

injected sclera/mm, cold extremities, left shift neutropenia, hypoglycemia, increase fibrinogen, depression w/o severe diarrhea

65
Q

Explain why neonates get secondary bloat and list treatments for secondary bloat and its sequelae

A

secondary to bronchopneumonia
fix primary problem & intermittent tubing or temp rumen fistula/trochar

66
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of rumen putrefaction

A

tubing of milk, overeating, esophageal groove dysfunction, milk accumulates in rumen = abnormal fermentation

67
Q

Describe the clinical signs of rumen putrefaction

A

recurrent bloat
poor growth
diarrhea
rough hair coat

68
Q

treatment of rumen putrefaction

A

rumen lavage
oral tetracycline or penicillin
rumen fluid transfaunation
change feed

VM753 Clin Sci IV (12 decks)

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