Dermatology Part 1

Question 1

what is the most common cause of secondary seborrhea?

Answer 1

allergy

Question 2

what is seborrhea oleosa?

Answer 2

greasy, oily
increased production/hypertrophy of sebum

Question 3

what is seborrhea sicca?

Answer 3

scaly/dry
decreased production/atrophy of sebum

Question 4

3 primary causes of Seborrhea sicca?

Answer 4

1. sebaceous adenitis (immune-mediated)
2. hyperadrenocorticism
3. dietary (hypovit A)

Question 5

3 primary causes of Seborrhea oleosa? what if it is chronic?

Answer 5

1. allergy
2. infection
3. hypothyroid
   chronic = lichenification

Question 6

3 causes of feline seborrhea

Answer 6

1. hyperthyroidism
2. cheyletiella mites
3. decreased grooming

Question 7

what are some antimicrobial treatments for Seborrhea due to the likelihood of there being a secondary infection?

Answer 7

anti-bacterials: chlorhexidine
2% for bacteria
4% for yeast

anti-fungals (imidazoles, acetic acid or lime sulfur)

Question 8

specific Seborrhea oleosa treatments? contrindications?

Answer 8

keratolytics
- salicyclic acid
- benzoyl peroxide
- sulfur
- selenium sulfide
- coal tar

do not use selenium sulfide in cats
avoid human products

Question 9

specific Seborrhea sicca treatments?

Answer 9

• topical/oral fatty acids
• skin constituents (Phytosphingosine/Ceramides) - Douxo products
• propylene glycol
• colloidal oatmeal
• spot on oils

Question 10

specific treatment for Pruritis?

Answer 10

steroid sprays!
- triamcinolone
- betamethasone/gentamicin

Question 11

how long should topical shampoos remain in contact with the skin?

Answer 11

10 mins and use tepid water

Question 12

what is the risk of expired shampoo products?

Answer 12

contamination - post-grooming Pseudomonas furunculosis

Question 13

what breeds might you find primary seborrhea in?

Answer 13

goldens - ichthyosis
cocker spaniels - vitamin A responsive dermatitis

Question 14

dog and horse physiologic dose of prednisolone?

Answer 14

0.2-0.3 mg/kg/day

Question 15

dog and horse anti-inflammatory dose of prednisolone?

Answer 15

0.5 -1 mg/kg/day

Question 16

dog and horse immunomodulatory dose of prednisolone?

Answer 16

2 mg/kg/day

Question 17

cat physiologic dose of prednisolone?

Answer 17

0.5 mg/kg/day

Question 18

cat anti-inflammatory dose of prednisolone?

Answer 18

1-2 mg/kg/day

Question 19

cat immunomodulatory dose of prednisolone?

Answer 19

3+ mg/kg/day

Question 20

how frequent should you being giving prednisolone to dogs, cats, horses?

Answer 20

every 24hrs or BID

Question 21

how do you dose triamcinolone/dexamethasone?

Answer 21

since it is 10x the strength of prednisolone, move the decimal (e.g. 1 mg/kg/day of pred = 0.1 mg/kg/day of triamcinolone)

Question 22

what is the main risk of the use of glucocorticoids (systemic or topical)?

Answer 22

steroid adrenocortical suppression

can also have cutaneous lesion, ophthalmic, otic

Question 23

can you have systemic signs with topical glucocorticoids?

Answer 23

yes - patient dependent

Question 24

list the 2 short acting steroids

Answer 24

cortisone
hydrocortisone

Question 25

list the 3 intermediate acting steroids

Answer 25

prednisone
prednisolone
methylprednisolone

Question 26

list the 4 long acting steroids

Answer 26

triamcinolone
flumethasone
dexamethasone
betamethasone

Question 27

which steroid has the greatest mineralocorticoid potency (highest chance of PUPD)

Answer 27

hydrocortisone

Question 28

which steroids (short, intermediate or long acting) have the greatest anti-inflammatory potency

Answer 28

long acting

Question 29

CBC changes with glucocorticoids

Answer 29

neutrophilia, monocytosis
lymphopenia
thrombocytosis

Question 30

Chemistry changes with glucocorticoids

Answer 30

hyperglycemia
steroid hepatopathy (ALP > ALT)
decreased thyroid hormone
increased BUN, normal Cr

Question 31

what is the difference between allergic dermatitis and pruritus dermatitis

Answer 31

allergic - due to allergies
pruritus - any disease making patient itch (allergies, parasites, etc.)

Question 32

what is the most common cause of allergic dermatitis in companion animals in the world

Answer 32

flea hypersensitivity

Question 33

what specific reaction patterns do cats get?

Answer 33

feline atopy
feline symmetrical alopecia
miliary dermatitis (papulocrustous lesion)
eosinophilic granuloma complex

Question 34

is there a presentation difference between food allergies (cutaneous adverse food rxn) and environmental allergies (atopy)?

Answer 34

NO presentation difference

only thing that differentiates them is seasonality and food

Question 35

what is the “pants sign” associated with

Answer 35

flea hypersensitivity

Question 36

how long should an elimination diet take?

Answer 36

8 weeks

Question 37

what is the gold standard for a diet trial?

Answer 37

homecooked meal

Question 38

what are the big 4 allergy meds

Answer 38

apoquel
steroids
cytopoint
atopica (modified cyclosporine)

Question 39

Apoquel
age requirement?
onset?
efficacy?
adverse effects?

Answer 39

1 or more years of age
quick - 2-4hrs
67% efficacy
demodicosis, papillomatosis

Question 40

Steroids
adverse effects?

Answer 40

calcinosis cutis (iatrogenic or metabolic hypercortisolism)

Question 41

cytopoint
onset?
efficacy?
adverse effects?

Answer 41

8 hours
87% efficacy
least effects - maybe vomiting

DOGS ONLY

Question 42

atopica (modified cyclosporine)
onset?
efficacy?
adverse effects?

Answer 42

long - 4-6 weeks
74% dogs, 78% cats
vomiting, UTI

Question 43

what other drug can you give to make cyclosporine more potent and help to reduce its cost?

Answer 43

ketoconazole

Question 44

Allergy testing/immunotherapy is the only non drug treatment for what?

Answer 44

environmental allergies (grasses, trees, weeds)