Dermatology Part 1 Flashcards
what is the most common cause of secondary seborrhea?
allergy
what is seborrhea oleosa?
greasy, oily
increased production/hypertrophy of sebum
what is seborrhea sicca?
scaly/dry
decreased production/atrophy of sebum
3 primary causes of Seborrhea sicca?
- sebaceous adenitis (immune-mediated)
- hyperadrenocorticism
- dietary (hypovit A)
3 primary causes of Seborrhea oleosa? what if it is chronic?
- allergy
- infection
- hypothyroid
chronic = lichenification
3 causes of feline seborrhea
- hyperthyroidism
- cheyletiella mites
- decreased grooming
what are some antimicrobial treatments for Seborrhea due to the likelihood of there being a secondary infection?
anti-bacterials: chlorhexidine
2% for bacteria
4% for yeast
anti-fungals (imidazoles, acetic acid or lime sulfur)
specific Seborrhea oleosa treatments? contrindications?
keratolytics
- salicyclic acid
- benzoyl peroxide
- sulfur
- selenium sulfide
- coal tar
do not use selenium sulfide in cats
avoid human products
specific Seborrhea sicca treatments?
- topical/oral fatty acids
- skin constituents (Phytosphingosine/Ceramides) - Douxo products
- propylene glycol
- colloidal oatmeal
- spot on oils
specific treatment for Pruritis?
steroid sprays!
- triamcinolone
- betamethasone/gentamicin
how long should topical shampoos remain in contact with the skin?
10 mins and use tepid water
what is the risk of expired shampoo products?
contamination - post-grooming Pseudomonas furunculosis
what breeds might you find primary seborrhea in?
goldens - ichthyosis
cocker spaniels - vitamin A responsive dermatitis
dog and horse physiologic dose of prednisolone?
0.2-0.3 mg/kg/day
dog and horse anti-inflammatory dose of prednisolone?
0.5 -1 mg/kg/day
dog and horse immunomodulatory dose of prednisolone?
2 mg/kg/day
cat physiologic dose of prednisolone?
0.5 mg/kg/day
cat anti-inflammatory dose of prednisolone?
1-2 mg/kg/day
cat immunomodulatory dose of prednisolone?
3+ mg/kg/day
how frequent should you being giving prednisolone to dogs, cats, horses?
every 24hrs or BID
how do you dose triamcinolone/dexamethasone?
since it is 10x the strength of prednisolone, move the decimal (e.g. 1 mg/kg/day of pred = 0.1 mg/kg/day of triamcinolone)
what is the main risk of the use of glucocorticoids (systemic or topical)?
steroid adrenocortical suppression
can also have cutaneous lesion, ophthalmic, otic
can you have systemic signs with topical glucocorticoids?
yes - patient dependent
list the 2 short acting steroids
cortisone
hydrocortisone
list the 3 intermediate acting steroids
prednisone
prednisolone
methylprednisolone
list the 4 long acting steroids
triamcinolone
flumethasone
dexamethasone
betamethasone
which steroid has the greatest mineralocorticoid potency (highest chance of PUPD)
hydrocortisone
which steroids (short, intermediate or long acting) have the greatest anti-inflammatory potency
long acting
CBC changes with glucocorticoids
neutrophilia, monocytosis
lymphopenia
thrombocytosis
Chemistry changes with glucocorticoids
hyperglycemia
steroid hepatopathy (ALP > ALT)
decreased thyroid hormone
increased BUN, normal Cr
what is the difference between allergic dermatitis and pruritus dermatitis
allergic - due to allergies
pruritus - any disease making patient itch (allergies, parasites, etc.)
what is the most common cause of allergic dermatitis in companion animals in the world
flea hypersensitivity
what specific reaction patterns do cats get?
feline atopy
feline symmetrical alopecia
miliary dermatitis (papulocrustous lesion)
eosinophilic granuloma complex
is there a presentation difference between food allergies (cutaneous adverse food rxn) and environmental allergies (atopy)?
NO presentation difference
only thing that differentiates them is seasonality and food
what is the “pants sign” associated with
flea hypersensitivity
how long should an elimination diet take?
8 weeks
what is the gold standard for a diet trial?
homecooked meal
what are the big 4 allergy meds
apoquel
steroids
cytopoint
atopica (modified cyclosporine)
Apoquel
age requirement?
onset?
efficacy?
adverse effects?
1 or more years of age
quick - 2-4hrs
67% efficacy
demodicosis, papillomatosis
Steroids
adverse effects?
calcinosis cutis (iatrogenic or metabolic hypercortisolism)
cytopoint
onset?
efficacy?
adverse effects?
8 hours
87% efficacy
least effects - maybe vomiting
DOGS ONLY
atopica (modified cyclosporine)
onset?
efficacy?
adverse effects?
long - 4-6 weeks
74% dogs, 78% cats
vomiting, UTI
what other drug can you give to make cyclosporine more potent and help to reduce its cost?
ketoconazole
Allergy testing/immunotherapy is the only non drug treatment for what?
environmental allergies (grasses, trees, weeds)
