Derm Part 3 - Fundamentals, Parasites & Ears

Question 1

what causes flea bite hypersensitivity?

Answer 1

flea saliva

Question 2

treatment for fleas?

Answer 2

isoxazolines
98% fleas killed within 24 hours

Question 3

can you kill a tick population?

Answer 3

no not local

Question 4

treatment of ticks

Answer 4

isoxazolines
90% ticks killed within 48 hours

Question 5

what is the purpose to treating ticks

Answer 5

preventing disease transmission

Question 6

what ectoparasite is the cause of the most pruritic dog disease?

Answer 6

sarcoptes scabei canis “scabies/mange”

Question 7

what mite has the distribution of elbow, distal limbs and pinna

Answer 7

sarcoptes

Question 8

diagnosis of sarcoptes

Answer 8

superficial skin scrape
pinnal-pedal reflex

Question 9

treatment for sarcoptes

Answer 9

isoxazolines - treat for 8 weeks

Question 10

what mite causes “walking dandruff”

Answer 10

Cheyletiellosis
NOT species specific

Question 11

what mite has a dorsal distribution and is scaly

Answer 11

Cheyletiellosis

Question 12

Cheyletiellosis diagnosis

Answer 12

superficial scrape
tape
flea comb

Question 13

Cheyletiellosis treatment

Answer 13

Isoxazolines for 8 weeks

Question 14

is demodex a parasite?

Answer 14

no - commensal organism, disease of immunosuppression and overgrowth

Question 15

which demodex species is contagious

Answer 15

D. gatoi in cats

Question 16

what are the two different forms of demodex in the dog? differences?

Answer 16

juvenile due to age - localized or generalized

adult due to immunocompromise of some sort - generalized only

Question 17

a dog with alopecia around the eyes, comedones and lesions on the paws, what ectoparasite do you suspect?

Answer 17

demodex

Question 18

demodex diagnosis

Answer 18

deep skin scrape
trichogram
tape w/ squeezie

Question 19

demodex treatment

Answer 19

Isoxazolines

Question 20

are lice species specific?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

primary derm lesions

Answer 21

macule
patch
nodule
papule
pustule
vesicles/bulla
comedones
plaque

Question 22

diagnostic for macules/patches to see if its inflammatory or hemorrhage/vasculitis

Answer 22

diascopy - press slide
inflam = blanches
hemorrhage = stays

Question 23

follicular casts typically associated with what disease

Answer 23

sebaceous adenitis

Question 24

difference between erosion and ulcer?

Answer 24

erosion - partial absence of epidermis, partial thickness
ulcer - complete absence of epidermis, full thickness

Question 25

hypopigmentation most often due to what 2 things

Answer 25

allergic dermatitis
immune mediated disease

Question 26

what is the difference in microscope set up for parasites vs cells, yeast, bacteria

Answer 26

parasites - condenser lowered and 5-10x

cells, yeast, bacteria - condenser raised, 100x, oil

Question 27

how large should punch biopsy be?

Answer 27

6-8mm

Question 28

what should you NOT biopsy?

Answer 28

ulcers – unless its pemphigus vulgaris then do junctional biopsy

Question 29

primary cause of otitis externa

Answer 29

allergy which causes inflam which causes infection

Question 30

4 causes of otitis externa

Answer 30

allergy
foreign body
endocrinopathy
immune disease

Question 31

when should you culture an ear cytology?

Answer 31

if rods are seen e.g. Pseudomonas

Question 32

how long to treat otitis externa

Answer 32

3 weeks
topical therapy (antibacterial, steroids or antifungal)

Question 33

how long to treat otitis interna/media

Answer 33

8 weeks
systemic therapies

Question 34

what drugs most commonly cause ototoxicity? what is the most common type of ototoxicity?

Answer 34

gentamicin, chlorhexidine
cochlear (loss of hearing)

Question 35

what is the problem with chronic otitis externa? how can you treat?

Answer 35

anatomy

open ears with steroids
resolve infection
prevent - weekly/monthly maintenance

Question 36

most common cause of otitis media

Answer 36

chronic upper resp disease

Question 37

signs of otitis media

Answer 37

horners syndrome
facial n paralysis
xeromycteria

Question 38

signs of otitis interna

Answer 38

neuro signs

Question 39

most common cause of otitis media/interna

Answer 39

abnormal drainage from auditory tube

Question 40

treatment of otitis media/interna

Answer 40

systemic preferred
culture middle ear
treat for 8 weeks

Question 41

treatment for feline aural polyps

Answer 41

traction/avulsion + steroids (95% success rate)