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VM753 Clin Sci IV > Derm Part 2 - lecture 7-12 > Flashcards

Derm Part 2 - lecture 7-12 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the most common pathogens of bacterial pyoderma

A

staph pseudintermedius (dog)
staph aureus (cats)

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2
Q

true or false
pyodermas are never primary

A

true

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3
Q

what are the 4 types of bacterial pyoderma

A

intertrigo (skin fold dermatitis)
pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot)
superficial pyoderma
deep pyoderma

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4
Q

what is unique to pyotraumatic dermatitis “hot spots”? treatment?

A

no satellite lesion

2-4% chlorhexidine topical + treat underlying cause (i.e. flea hypersensitivity, otitis externa, allergies)

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5
Q

what is the cause of superficial pyoderma? treatment?

A

no identifiable underlying cause, folliculitis
topical therapy

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6
Q

differentials for folliculitis?

A

demodex
dermatophytosis
bacterial pyoderma

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7
Q

lesions associated with a deep bacterial pyoderma? treatment?

A

ulcers & hemorrhage
topical treatment but longer (4-6 weeks)

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8
Q

primary difference between the treatments of superficial and deep pyoderma?

A

superficial - treat 1 week past resolution
deep - treat 2 weeks past resolution

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9
Q

how to diagnose bacterial pyoderma?

A

cytology
staph will be cocci
E.coli, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium will be rods

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10
Q

empirical therapy starters for bacterial pyoderma

A

1st gen cephs
clavamox
clindamycin

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11
Q

what is Malassezia Pachydermatis?

A

lipophilic budding yeast
commensal organism
secondary colonizer
NO immune suppression

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12
Q

Diagnosis of Malassezia Pachydermatis

A

moist/waxy areas = impression smear
dry areas = tape
stain with diff quick
examine in oil immersion

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13
Q

topical treatment for Malassezia Pachydermatis

A

shampoo, wipes, sprays, mousses w/ 2% chlorhexidine & 1-2% miconazole or ketoconazole

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14
Q

systemic treatments for Malassezia Pachydermatis

A

2-4 weeks of ketoconazole or terbinafine

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15
Q

what is the most common dermatophyte

A

microsporum canis

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16
Q

Microsporum canis natural host?

A

cats “stray kitten syndrome”

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17
Q

what is the most common lesion in dogs with dermatophytes

A

fungal kerion

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18
Q

if you see “rotten log” with spores around it, what do you suspect?

A

Microsporum canis

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19
Q

Diagnostics for dermatophytes? which is the gold standard?

A

woods lamp (30-80% fluoresce)
trichogram
culture (gold standard) on DTM
PCR

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20
Q

what do you expect to see on a positive dermatophyte culture?

A

red color change + white/beige growth

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21
Q

how can you speciate dermatophytes? are these found on the host?

A

macroconidia
do NOT grow on the host

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22
Q

dermatophyte treatment:
systemic (every +)?
topical (every + & every exposed)?
environmental?

A

systemic - itraconazole, terbinafine
topical - lime sulfur, imidazoles
environmental - clean

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23
Q

how long should you treat dermatophytes?

A

until two consecutive negative cultures taken 1-2 weeks apart

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24
Q

most common equine dermatophyte?

A

trichophyton equinum

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25
Q

phases of the hair cycle

A

anagen - growth
catagen - transition
telogen - rest
exogen - shed

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26
Q

how can you diagnose endocrinopathy alopecia?

A

NOT skin biopsy, need endocrine testing

27
Q

how can you diagnose endocrine alopecia lookalikes?

A

skin biopsy!

28
Q

what endocrinopathy might you see cutaneous atrophy, striae, phlebectasia, calcinosis cutis

A

Cushings

29
Q

what endocrinopathy might you see alopecia over bridge of the nose, “rat tail”, nasal or paw pad hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, ceruminous otitis

A

hypothyroidism

30
Q

what might you expect with endocrinopathy response to therapy?

A

worse before better
initial hair regrowth is darker

31
Q

what endocrinopathy might you see with feminization, aspermatogenesis, prostatic disease and bone marrow hypoplasia?

A

sertoli cell tumor

32
Q

what endocrinopathy might you see gynecomastia and abnormal estrus cycles?

A

cystic ovaries

33
Q

if an owner is using topical estrogen cream, what might happen in their dog?

A

iatrogenic hyperestrogenism

34
Q

what endocrinopathy lookalike do you suspect with a young Pomeranian with alopecia

A

Alopecia X

35
Q

what endocrinopathy lookalike do you suspect with alopecia due to a severe illness/metabolic stress like fever, pregnancy, lactation, shock or drugs?

A

telogen effluvium

36
Q

If a dog was recently clipped and surgically scrubbed and now has no hair regrowth, what endocrinopathy lookalike do you suspect? what are some treatments?

A

post clipping alopecia

low level laser

37
Q

what endocrinopathy lookalike do you suspect with a boxer or bulldog with alopecia along flanks and lateral thorax? what might this also be associated with?

A

canine flank alopecia

seasonal - melatonin deficiency

38
Q

treatment for canine flank alopecia?

A

melatonin therapy
low level laser

39
Q

what endocrinopathy lookalike do you suspect with a young doberman or silver lab with alopecia in dilute areas of their coat?

A

color dilution alopecia

40
Q

what weakens the hair shaft in color dilution alopecia?

A

macromelanosomes

41
Q

what is an aquired pattern alopecia found in young dachshunds, boston terriers, chihuahuas and whippets? treatment?

A

pattern baldness

none - cosmetic

42
Q

generalized findings with lupus (3)?

A
  1. interface dermatitis
  2. basal keratinocyte apoptosis
  3. dead reds w/ satellitosis
43
Q

what is the most common lupus in small animals?

A

discoid lupus erythematosus

44
Q

most common sites for discoid lupus erythematosus

A

nasal planum
pinna
perioral

45
Q

what is the top differential for mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus? how would you differentiate?

A

mucocutaneous pyoderma - do cytology and look for bacteria

cytology, culture, treat for infection, biopsy if persists

46
Q

what breed is vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus found in?

A

collies and shetland sheepdogs

47
Q

what breed is exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus found in?

A

german shorthair pointer due to autosomal recessive mutation

48
Q

common findings with systemic lupus erythematosus

A

fever
polyarthritis
proteinuria
thrombocytopenia
discoid rash

49
Q

what is the most specific ANA titer for SLE

A

nuclear ribonucleoprotein G (HnRNP G)

50
Q

treatment for lupus?

A

immune suppression via…
tacrolimus 1% topical
doxy/niacinamide
steroids
non-steroidal immunosuppresives
apoquel
sunscreen

51
Q

what is symmetric lupoid onychodystrophy?

A

idiopathic immunemediated disease that affects multiple nails

52
Q

how do you diagnose symmetric lupoid onychodystrophy?

A

clinical signs bc biopsy requires amputation of P3

53
Q

treatment for symmetric lupoid onychodystrophy?

A

slow & forever
pentoxifylline
fatty acids
cyclosporine
doxy/niacinamide
steroids

54
Q

what is the most common autoimmune dermatologic disease in dogs and cats?

A

pemphigus foliaceus

55
Q

difference between pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris?

A

foliaceus = superficial
vulgaris = deep

56
Q

pemphigus foliaceus predilection sites in dogs? cats?

A

dogs - pinna, paw pad, planum
cats - face, nail beds, nipples

57
Q

autoantibodies target what in pemphigus foliaceus?

A

desmosomes = acantholytic keratinocytes

58
Q

autoantibodies target what in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

hemidesmosomes = ulcerations

59
Q

differentials for acantholytic keratinocytes

A

pemphigus foliaceus
bacterial pyoderma
dermatophytosis

60
Q

how do you definitively diagnose pemphigus foliaceus?

A

biopsy

61
Q

pemphigus vulgaris predilection sites?

A

oral
mucocutaneous junctions
paws

62
Q

how do you definitively diagnose pemphigus vulgaris?

A

junctional biopsy
should see “tombstone effect”

63
Q

pemphigus treatments

A

immunosuppression
steroids (first line)
cyclosporine (2nd)

VM753 Clin Sci IV (10 decks)

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