Exam 5- Elimination

Question 1

urinary retention causes

2

Answer 1

• obstruction in urinary tract
• neurological disorder

Question 2

Urinary retention s&s

3

Answer 2

• difficulty starting a stream or emptying the bladder
• weak urine flow
• chronic or acute pain

Question 3

What is BPH and what is it characterized by?

Answer 3

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
-excessive cell growth of the prostate gland, a physiological change of aging

Question 4

BPH S&S

6

Answer 4

• urinary frequency
• voiding a small amount of urine
• urgency
• hesitancy
• decreased stream
• susceptibility to UTI

Question 5

Drugs used to treat BPH and how they work

2

Answer 5

• alpha blockers- relax and relieve sx’s, do not reduce prostate size
• 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors-block conversion of testosterone= decreasing prostate size

Question 6

BPH surgeries

2

Answer 6

• TUNA: transurethral needle ablation
• TURP: transurethral resection of the prostate (a lot more common)

Question 7

what is Nephrolithiasis

Answer 7

Kidney stones

Question 8

Risk factors of nephrolithiasis

8

Answer 8

• genetics
• dehydration
• hypercalcemia
• hyperparathyroidism
• gout
• hyperuricemia
• UTI
• immobility

Question 9

nephrolithiasis tx

6

Answer 9

• strain urine to get stone
• save stone for analysis
• high fluid intake
• lithotripsy
• surgery
• diet changes (to balance pH)

Question 10

24 hour urine

measures, and factors affecting it 5

Answer 10

Measures: amount of creatinine cleared thru kidneys. Also protein, hormones, minerals, etc
Factors affecting it:
* not collecting all
* going > 24 hrs
* spilling specimen
* not keeping it cool
* certain foods/meds

Question 11

nitrates in urine indicate

Answer 11

bacteria present

Question 12

ketones in urine indicates

Answer 12

fat broken down for energy

Question 13

specific gravity of urine measures

Answer 13

balance of water and solutes

Question 14

urea (or BUN) elevated indicates

Answer 14

dehydration or altered kidney function

Question 15

Creatinine normal levels

M vs F

Answer 15

M: 0.8-1.4 mg/dL
F: 0.6-1.2mg/dL

Question 16

BUN normal range

Answer 16

about 7-20mg/dL

Question 17

Factors affecting urination

6

Answer 17

• pathologic/surgical conditions
• embarressment
• meds
• food & fluid intake
• ambulatory ability
• muscle tone

Question 18

Another name for ascending ostomy

Answer 18

ileostomies

Question 19

Transverse colostomy

characteristics

3

Answer 19

• two stomas
• produce semi formed lighid drainage
• pt has no control over frequency of discharge

Question 20

Sigmoid and Descending colostomies

characteristics

Answer 20

• both produce solid fecal matter
• can usually control drainage-appliance not always needed

Question 21

ileostomy

characteristics, duration?

Answer 21

• temporary or permanent
• stool is frequent and liquid so not controlled

Question 22

how long does paralytic ileus last

Answer 22

24-48 hrs

Question 23

fecal occult blood test measures

Answer 23

microscopic amounts of blood in feces (can be a sign of growth in colon/rectum)