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211 > Exam 4 Nutrition > Flashcards

Exam 4 Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Definition

Nutrition

Giddens

A

the science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on health and disease

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2
Q

Definition

Nutrition

Yoost

A

It is the body’s intake and use of adequate amounts of necessary nutrients for tissue growth and energy production

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3
Q

Definition

Malnutrition

A

Imbalance in the amount of nutrient intake and the body’s needs

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4
Q

Definition

Nutrients

A

The necessary substances obtained from ingesting food that supply the body with energy; build and maintain bones, muscles, and skin; and aid in the normal growth and function of each system

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5
Q

Definition

Macronutrients

A

kcal energy containing nutrients (carbs/proteins/fats).

Alcohol is considered kcal
but not macro bc it can’t support function

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6
Q

Scope

Nutrition

A
  • malnutrition
  • insufficient
  • optimal
  • excess
  • malnutrition
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6
Q

Definition

Micronutrients

A

vitamins and minerals- required in minute amounts

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7
Q

Age Related Changes

Expected

6

A

decreased ability to…
* ingest
* absorb
* metabolize
* chew
* produce saliva
* taste

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7
Q

Age Related Changes

Unexpected

3

A

Decreased function in
* Liver
* Gallbladder
* Pancreas

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8
Q

Nursing Interventions for nutrition

5

A
  • medical nutrition therapy
  • basic therapeutic diets
  • dietary supplements
  • tube feedings
  • collaboration w/ dietitian
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9
Q

Diets

Clear Liquid

What is it and who is it for

A

-no pulp
for pre-op (short period of time)

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10
Q

Diets

Full Liquid

What is it and who is it for

A

-foods liquid at room temp
for temporary post-op

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11
Q

Diets

Pureed

What is it and who is it for

A

“blended”
for pt’s who can’t safely chew

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12
Q

Diets

Mechanical soft

What is it and who is it for

A

-modified food consistency
for pt’s w/ difficulty chewing effectively

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13
Q

Diets

Thickened liquids

What is it and who is it for

A

-thickening agent added to avoid aspiration
for pt’s at risk for aspiration

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14
Q

Diets

Regular Diet

What is it and who is it for

A

“diet as tolerated”
for pt’s with no restrictions

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15
Q

Diets

Diabetic

What is it and who is it for

A

-(ADA), controlled carb intake
for diabetics

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16
Q

Diets

Cardiac Diet

What is it and who is it for

A

-low cholesterol, low sodium
for pt’s with HTN, elevated cholesterol, or artherosclerosis

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17
Q

Diets

Renal Diet

What is it and who is it for

A

-Restricts potassium, sodium, protein and phosphorus
for renal impairment

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18
Q

BMI

Underweight

A

<18.5

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19
Q

BMI

Overweight

A

25 - 29.9

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20
Q

BMI

Obesity Class 1

A

30 - 34.9

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21
Q

BMI

Obesity Class 2

A

35 - 39.9

22
Q

BMI

Obesity Class 3

A

> 40

23
Q

Percentile

Pediatric overweight

A

85th - 95th

24
Q

Percentile

Pediatric Obesity

A

> 95th

25
Q

Obesity

Risk Factors

A
  • having pediatric obesity
  • non-hispanic black teen
26
Q

Obesity

ABCDs

10

A
  • airway
  • breathing
  • backs
  • bias
  • circulation
  • decubitus ulcers
  • drugs
  • diagnosis
  • diet
  • durable medical equipment
27
Q

Bariatric Surgery Complications

Dumping syndrome

and accompanying sx’s

A

undigested contents of stomach transported/dumped into small intestine too quickly

Sx’s: diarrhea, sweating, tachycardia, and severe hypotension

28
Q

Bariatric Surgery Complications

Delayed Wound Healing

2

A
  • infection
  • wound dehiscence
29
Q

Enteral Feeding

For what kind of patient?

Duration

A

Short term, for patients w/ functional GI tract but can not swallow or need additional nutrients

30
Q

Enteral Feeding

NG Tube

Duration?

A

Through a nare into the stomach
short term

31
Q

Enteral Feeding

PEG

Duration?

A

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Tube placed in LUQ
longer term

32
Q

Enteral Feeding

PEG inedicated for what pt?

4

A
  • neuologocally impaired
  • condition affecting the stomach
  • esophageal cancer
  • trauma to nose and mouth
33
Q

Parenteral Feeding

TPN given through what

2

A
  • PICC- peripherally inserted central cath
  • CVC- central venous cath
    (both through pump)
34
Q

Parenteral Feeding

TPN indicated for?

A

non-fuctioning GI tract

35
Q

Parenteral Feeding

TPN Disadvantages

5

A
  • does not preserve GI tract well
  • more expensive
  • site infection
  • air embolism
  • dislodgement
36
Q

Parenteral Feeding

TPN monitoring

6

A
  • weight
  • CBC
  • glucose
  • electrolytes
  • BUN
  • I&O
37
Q

Parenteral Feeding

TPN Safety

A
  • formula and tubing assess daily for contamination
  • tubing marked so nothing else is put in it
  • tubing changed q24hrs
  • site changed q48 hrs
  • assess signs/sx’s of infection
38
Q

BUN

What is it?
What does it test for?

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen
* meaures kidney function

39
Q

BUN

Normal Range?
Abnormal Indications?

4 elevated, 3 low

A

Range: 7-20 mg/dL
* Elevated= dehydration/starvation, artherosclerosis, kidney injury, escess protein intake
* Low= fluid overload, decreased liver function, low protein

40
Q

Albumin

What does it test for?

A
  • Assesses plasma protein levels
  • determines liver funciton
41
Q

Albumin

Normal Range?
Abnormal Indications?

A

Range: 3.5-5.0
* Elevated= dehydration, exercise, or meds
* Low= renal/liver disorders, meds, chronic disease, malnutrition

42
Q

Pre-albumin

What does it test for?

A

amount of protein in the internal organs
(determines nutrition status)

43
Q

Pre-albumin

Normal Range?
Abnormal Indications?

A

Range: 16-30 mg/dL
* < 11mg/dL = malnutrition
* Low= stress, inflammation, surgery, renal failure

44
Q

Hgb

What is it?
What does it test for?

A

Hemoglobin
* RBCs ability to supply oxygen
* indicates body’s iron-store status

45
Q

Hgb

Normal Range?
Abnormal Indications?

M vs F

A

Range:
* M= 14-17.4 mg/dL
* F= 12-16 mg/dL
Low= depleted iron stores, less O2 available (sxs show fatigue, pallor, SOB, increased RR)

46
Q

Hct

What is it?
What does it test for?

A

Hematocrit
* # and % of RBCs

47
Q

Hct

Normal Range?
Abnormal Indications?

M vs F

A

Range:
* M=42-52%
* F= 36-48%
Low= anemia (type of anemia is determined by shape and size of RBCs)

48
Q

Transferrin

What does it test for?

A

test is sensitive to changes in iron and protein stores

49
Q

Transferrin

Normal Range?
Abnormal Indications?

A

Range: 200-400 mg/dL
* Elevated= fasting, chronic infection, inflammation, burns, anemia

50
Q

What labs may indicate dehydration?

3

A

Elevated…
* BUN
* Creatinine
* Albumin

51
Q

RBC

Normal Range?

M vs F

A

M= 4.5-5.5 x 10^6
F= 4.0-5.0 x 10^6

units= cells/mm^3

52
Q

Anemia

Signs/Sx’s

9

A
  • pallor
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • SOB w/ activity
  • exercise intolerance
  • palpitations
  • chest pain
  • dizziness
  • headache
53
Q

RBCs

Nutrients essenial for RBC production

(3) and why they are needed

A
  • Iron: critical for hemoglobin structure which carries the oxygen in RBCs
  • Folate: needed for DNA synthesis during RBC production
  • B12: involved in DNA synthesis and RBC maturation
54
Q

Nitrogen Balance

Positive Balance

A
  • protein intake balanced w/ output & storage
  • kidneys able to preserve protein
55
Q

Nirtogen Balance

Negative Balance

A

Protein output exceeds intake
* available protein not preserved by kidneys
* increased need for protein (trauma, tissue breakdown, burns, srugery, etc)

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