Exam 4 (Week 14)

Question 1

Pharmacological class of digoxin (lanoxin):

Answer 1

Cardiac glycoside/inotropic

Question 2

Therapeutic class of digoxin (lanoxin):

Answer 2

heart failure/antidysrhythmic

Question 3

What does digoxin (lanolin)’s positive inotropic action on the heart increase?

Answer 3

increases the force of ventricular contraction, increasing cardiac output

Question 4

MOA of digoxin (lanoxin):

Answer 4

1. inhibits the enzyme: sodium potassium ATPase, which promotes calcium accumulation in myocytes
2. changes electrical activity of the heart

Question 5

What benefits can digoxin (lanoxin) have at low doses?

Answer 5

can have neurohormonal benefits

Question 6

Uses of digoxin (lanoxin):

Answer 6

1. heart failure

2. manage dysrhythmias

Question 7

ADE of digoxin (lanoxin) are induced by what?

Answer 7

high levels of the drug

Question 8

ADE of digoxin (lanoxin):

Answer 8

1. digoxin induced arrhythmias
2. anorexia
3. nausea
4. vomiting
5. fatigue
6. visual disturbances

Question 9

lab values for digoxin (lanoxin):

Answer 9

monitor potassium blood levels b/c potassium competes with digoxin for binding with sodium potassium ATPase

Question 10

1 nursing implication of digoxin (lanoxin):

Answer 10

educate patients about early signs of toxicity.

Question 11

Pharmacological class of dopamine (intropin):

Answer 11

Inotropic catecholamine

Question 12

Therapeutic class of dopamine (intropin):

Answer 12

Heart failure/Antidysrhythmic

Question 13

what is important about dopamine (intropin):

Answer 13

It is an inotropic catecholamine

Question 14

Pharmacological class of Quinidine (Quinalan):

Answer 14

sodium channel blocker

Question 15

Therapeutic class of Quinidine (Quinalan):

Answer 15

Class IA antidysrhythmic

Question 16

MOA of Quinidine (Quinalan):

Answer 16

1. blocks sodium channels –> slowing impulse conduction in the atria, ventricles, and HIS purkinje system
2. delays repolarization at these sites by blocking potassium channels

Question 17

What is Quinidine (Quinalan) specifically? Blocking what?

Answer 17

anticholinergic; blocks vagal input to the heart

Question 18

What does Quinidine (Quinalan) do in terms of EKG:

Answer 18

1. widens the QRS complex

2. prolongs QT interval

Question 19

Uses of Quinidine (Quinalan):

Answer 19

1. supra ventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias

2. malaria

Question 20

ADE of Quinidine (Quinalan):

Answer 20

1. diarrhea
2. sintasism - ringing in the ears
3. headache
4. nausea
5. vertigo
6. visual disturbance
7. cardio toxicity
8. arterial embolism
9. alpha adrenergic blockade, resulting in hypotension

Question 21

1 nursing implication of Quinidine (Quinalan):

Answer 21

inform the patient to take the drug with meals

Question 22

Pharmacological class of Lidocaine (xylocaine)

Answer 22

Sodium channel blocker

Question 23

Therapeutic class of Lidocaine (xylocaine):

Answer 23

Class IB antidysrhythmic

Question 24

MOA of Lidocaine (xylocaine):

Answer 24

Accelerates repolarization

Question 25

Uses of Lidocaine (xylocaine):

Answer 25

ventricular dysrhythmias

Question 26

Pharmacological class of Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Answer 26

Potassium channel blocker

Question 27

Therapeutic class of Amiodarone (Cordarone):

Answer 27

Class III antidysrhythmic

Question 28

MOA of Amiodarone (Cordarone):

Answer 28

1. blocks potassium channels

2. delaying re-polarization

Question 29

What does Amiodarone (Cordarone) do in terms of the heart:

Answer 29

1. decreases automaticity of the SA node
2. reduces contractility
3. reduces contraction velocity
4. widens QRS complex
5. prolongs PR and QT intervals

Question 30

Why is Amiodarone (Cordarone) limited?

Answer 30

due to potential for toxicity

Question 31

Uses of Amiodarone (Cordarone):

Answer 31

life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias like…

1. re-current ventricular fibrillation
2. re-current hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia

Question 32

ADE of Amiodarone (Cordarone) are due to…

Answer 32

due to toxic effects

Question 33

ADE of Amiodarone (Cordarone):

Answer 33

pulmonary, cardiac, thyroid, liver, and dermatologic toxicity

Question 34

How is Amiodarone (Cordarone) toxic during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Answer 34

crosses the placental barrier and enters breast milk, so it can be toxic to pregnancy and breastfeeding

Question 35

1 nursing implication of Amiodarone (Cordarone):

Answer 35

educate the patient on signs of toxicity

Question 36

Pharmacological class of Adenosine (Adenocard):

Answer 36

Nucleotide: inhibits calcium influx

Question 37

Therapeutic class of Adenosine (Adenocard):

Answer 37

Other (Class V) antidysrhythmic

Question 38

What kind of life does Adenosine (Adenocard) have?

Answer 38

a short life

Question 39

Uses of Adenosine (Adenocard):

Answer 39

paroxysmal Supra Ventricular Tachycardia

Question 40

Pharmacological class of Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat):

Answer 40

Organic nitrate

Question 41

Therapeutic class of Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat):

Answer 41

Antianginal

Question 42

MOA of Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat):

Answer 42

acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to promote vasodilation of the veins

Question 43

What does Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) decrease? What does it relax or prevent?

Answer 43

1. decreases cardiac oxygen demand, decreasing pain

2. relaxing or preventing spasm in the coronary arteries

Question 44

Uses of Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat):

Answer 44

1. acute anginal episodes in stable angina

2. sustained anginal episodes - variant angina

Question 45

ADE of Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat):

Answer 45

1. headache
2. orthostatic hypotension
3. reflex tachycardia

Question 46

1 nursing implication of Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat):

Answer 46

avoid activities that may elicit anginal attack