Exam 3 (week 9) Flashcards
What is the brand name for Levodopa/carbidopa?
sinemet
What is the pharmacological class for Levodopa/carbidopa?
Dopaminergic
what is the therapeutic class for Levodopa/carbidopa?
Drug for parkinson disease
MOA for Levodopa/carbidopa:
- increases dopamine synthesis in the striatum
2. undergoes uptake in dopaminergic nerve terminals and converted into dopamine.
MOA specifically for carbidopa:
inhibits decarboxylation of levodopa in the intestine and peripheral tissues
Use for Levodopa/carbidopa:
parkinson disease
Effects of Levodopa/carbidopa are dose what?
dose dependent
what are 4 adverse effects of Levodopa/carbidopa?
- nausea and vomiting
- dyskinesias
- postural hypertension
- psychosis
What is a nursing implication of Levodopa/carbidopa?
Inform patients that benefits of drug may be delayed for weeks to months
Is there a cure with Levodopa/carbidopa for parkinson disease?
no cure, but symptomatic relief
full therapeutic responses with Levodopa/carbidoda take how long to develop?
months
What is another important thing to remember with Levodopa/carbidopa?
acute loss of effect
What is the pharmacological class for donepezil?
Reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
What is the therapeutic class for donepezil?
Drug for Alzheimer’s disease
MOA for donepezil:
- Reversibly binds to cholinesterase preventing the degradation of acetylcholine by (acetyl) cholinesterase CENTRALLY.
- increased amount of acetylcholine available to activate receptors
- Enhanced transmission in central cholinergic neurons that have not yet been destroyed
Uses for donepezil:
Alzheimer’s disease
5 adverse effects of donepezil:
cholinergic effects:
- nausea, vomiting
- dyspepsia
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- headache
1 nursing implication for donepezil:
medication adherence is crucial
What does donepezil slow the loss of?
memory and cognition
What does donepezil prolong?
independent function
True or false: donepezil is a cure for alzheimer’s disease
false; there is no cure
What is the brand name of interferon beta?
There is no brand name
Pharmacological class of interferon beta:
disease-modifying drug: immunomodulator
Therapeutic class of interferon beta:
Drug for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
MOA of interferon beta:
- enhances naturally occurring interferon.
- a glycoprotein that inhibits the migration of proinflammaotry leukocytes across the BBB and suppresses T-helper cell activity
How is interferon beta manufactured?
recombinant therapy
Use of interferon beta:
relapsing form of multiple sclerosis
3 adverse effects of interferon beta:
- flu-like symptoms
- hepatotoxicity
- myelosuppression
1 nursing implication of interferon beta:
instruct patient to store drug appropriately
define multiple sclerosis
a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that damages the myelin sheath of neurons in the CNS
How many types of MS are there?
4
Immunomodulators are drugs used to modify what?
Modify disease process, treat acute relapse and manage symptoms
Are immunomodulators a cure for MS?
No
What is the brand name of mitoxantrone:
Novantrone
Pharmacological class of Mitoxantrone:
Disease-modifying drug: immunosuppressant
Therapeutic class of Mitoxantrone:
Drug for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
MOA of Mitoxantrone:
- cytotoxic to all cells proliferating or not
- inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
- promotes cross-linking and breakage of DNA strands
Use of Mitoxantrone:
multiple sclerosis
3 adverse effects of Mitoxantrone:
- myelosuppression
- cardiotoxicity
- fetal injury
1 nursing implication of Mitoxantrone:
educate patient to avoid others who are ill
What is unique about Mitoxantrone and the FDA?
only immunosuppressant approved by FDA for use in treatment of MS
Mitoxantrone has a high risk of?
toxicity
immunosuppressants are also anti what?
anticancer drugs
What is the brand name of phenytoin?
Dilantin
Pharmacological class of phenytoin:
hydantoin: selective inhibition of sodium channel
Therapeutic class of phenytoin:
traditional antiepileptics
MOA of phenytoin:
- suppression of sodium influx
- suppression of calcium influx
- promotion of potassium efflux
- potentiation of GABA
Uses of phenytoin:
epilepsy; partial-seizures and tonic-clonic seizures
What are adverse effects dependent on with phenytoin: ?
dose dependent
What are 5 adverse effects of phenytoin:
Dose dependent effects:
- CNS/neurologic
- dermatologic
- gastrointestinal
- cardia
- teratogenic
1 nursing implication of phenytoin:
educate patients on strict adherence
What is the abbreviation for anti epileptic drugs?
AEDs
What is the goal of anti epileptics
goal is to reduce seizures to an extent that enables the patient to live a normal or near-normal life
what are also used as anti epileptics?
barbiturates
What is the brand name for valproic acid?
depakote
Pharmacological class for valproic acid:
carboxylic acid: selective inhibition of sodium channels
Therapeutic class for valproic acid:
traditional antiepileptics
MOA of valproic acid:
- suppression of sodium influx
- suppression of calcium influx
- promotion of potassium efflux
- potentiation of GABA
use of valproic acid:
epilepsy
adverse effects of valproic acid:
Dose dependent effects:
- CNS/neurologic
- dermatologic
- gastrointestinal
- cardia
- teratogenic
1 nursing implication for valproic acid:
educate patients on strict adherence
What is the brand name of oxcarbazepine?
trileptal
Pharmacological class of oxcarbazepine:
inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium channels
Therapeutic class of oxcarbazepine:
newer antiepileptic
MOA of oxcarbazepine:
- suppression of sodium influx
- suppression of calcium influx
- promotion of potassium efflux
Use of oxcarbazepine:
epilepsy
Adverse effects of oxcarbazepine:
Dose dependent effects:
- CNS/neurologic
- dermatologic
- gastrointestinal
- cardia
- teratogenic
1 nursing implication of oxcarbazepine:
educate patients on strict adherence
What is the brand name of baclofen?
lioresal
Pharmacological class of baclofen:
centrally-acting muscle relaxant
therapeutic class of baclofen:
drug for spasticity
MOA of baclofen:
- Acts within the spinal cord to suppress hyperactive reflexes involved in the regulation of muscle movement