Exam 3 (Week 11) Flashcards
What is the brand name of etanercept?
enbrel
Pharmacological class of etanercept:
Tumor necrosis factor antagonist/biologic disease-modifying atirheumatic drug
Therapetuic class of etanercept:
Antirheumatic/immunosuppressant/anti-inflammatory
MOA of etanercept:
- suppresses inflammation my neutralizing TNF (important immune mediator of joint injury in RA).
Uses of etanercept:
moderately to severely active RA
adverse effect of etanercept:
- serious systemic infections
- allergic reactions
- heart failure
- hematologic disorders
- liver injury
- CNS demyelinating disorders
What are two safety alerts of etanercept?
- Taking TNF antagonists like etanercept increases the risk for developing serious systemic infections or sepsis
- children may develop malignancies
1 nursing implication of etanercept:
educating patients on the signs and symptoms of infection
What is the brand name of methotrexate?
Rheumatrex
Pharmacological class of methotrexate:
nonbiologic DMARD
Therapeutic class of methotrexate:
antirheumatic/immunosuppressant/anti-inflammatory/anticancer
Methotrexate is the most what?
most rapid-acting DMARD
What is the brand name of allopurinol?
Zyloprim
Pharmacological class of allopurinol:
xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Therapeutic class of allopurinol:
antigout/hyperuricemia
MOA of allopurinol:
Inhibits xanthine oxidase (enzyme required for uric acid formation)
Uses of allopurinol:
- chronic tenacious gout
2. hyperuricemia secondary to chemo cancer treatment
ADE of allopurinol:
GENERALLY WELL TOLERATED
- rare but fatal hypersensitivity reaction
- acute gouty attack with initial treatment
- mild GI effects
1 nursing implication of allopurinol:
monitoring uric acid levels in the blood
What is the brand name of probenecid:
generic only
pharmacological class of probenecid:
uricosuric agent
Therapeutic class of probenecid:
antigout/hyperuricemia
MOA of probenecid:
- Acts on renal tubules to inhibit reabsorption of uric acid.
- uricosuric agent: Increases uric acid excretion, reduces urate levels in the blood.
ADE of probenecid
GENERALLY WELL TOLERATED
- mild GI effects
- hypersensitivity reactions
1 nursing implication of probenecid:
Take the medication with food to minimize mild GI effects.
What is the brand name of Trimethoprim(TMP)/Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)?
Bactrim, Septra
Pharmacological class of Trimethoprim(TMP)/Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)
Sulfonamide + trimethoprim: inhibits folic acid synthesis
Therapeutic class of Trimethoprim(TMP)/Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)
Broad spectrum combination antibacterial/Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
MOA of Trimethoprim(TMP)/Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ):
Inhibit the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid (a derivative of folate or folic acid)
Why is the combined action helpful? (TMP/SMZ)
It is stronger than either drug acting along
Uses of Trimethoprim(TMP)/Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ):
- Uncomplicated or recurrent UTIs
- Bronchitis
- other infections
- otitis media
ADE of Trimethoprim(TMP)/Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ):
- nausea
- vomiting
- rash
1 nursing implication Trimethoprim(TMP)/Sulfamethoxazole(SMZ):
Ask the patient about sulfa allergies
What is the brand name of nitrofurantoin?
Macrobid
Pharmacological class of nitrofurantoin:
urinary tract antiseptic: Damages bacterial DNA
Therapeutic class of nitrofurantoin:
Broad spectrum antibacterial/UTIs
What are the differences in concentrations of nitrofurantoin:
- low concentrations: bacteriostatic
2. high concentrations: bactericidal
MOA of nitrofurantoin:
damaging bacterial DNA
Uses of nitrofurantoin:
- acute infections of the lower urinary tract
2. prophylaxis of recurrent lower UTIs
ADE of nitrofurantoin
- GI effects
- acute and subacute pulmonary reactions
- hematologic reactions
- peripheral neuropathy
1 nursing implication of nitrofurantoin:
educating the patient to finish the entire course of antibiotics despite feeling better
What is the brand name of benzoyl peroxide?
generic only
Pharmacological class of benzoyl peroxide:
keratolytic
Therapeutic class of benzoyl peroxide:
antibacterial for Acne/Drug for the skin
MOA of benzoyl peroxide
releasing active oxygen suppressing propionibacterium acne
3. Reduces inflammation and promotes the peeling of the horny level of the epidermis
Uses of benzoyl peroxide:
first-line drug for mild to moderate acne
ADE of benzoyl peroxide:
- drying and peeling of the skin
- severe local irritation
- hypersensitivity reactions
1 nursing implication:
promote adherence to the prescribed drug regimen
What is the brand name of isotretinoin?
Accutane
Pharmacological class of isotretinoin:
vitamin A derivative
Therapeutic class of isotretinoin:
drug for the skin/acne vulgaris
MOA of isotretinoin:
decreasing sebum production, sebaceous gland size, inflammation, and keratinization
How is isotretinoin administered?
Orally (oral derivative of vitamin A)
Uses of isotretinoin:
severe nodulocystic acne vulgaris
ADE of isotretinoin
- nose bleeds
- inflammation of mouth and eyes
- dryness or itching of skin, nose, and mouth.
What is important about isotretinoin? (pregnancy)
It is teratogenic and should not be used during pregnancy
1 nursing implication of isotretinoin:
educating the patient to protect their skin from the sun.