Exam 3 (Week 12) Flashcards
What is the brand name of cimetidine?
tagamet
Pharmacological class of cimetidine:
Histamine2 (H2) receptor antagonist
Therapeutic class of cimetidine:
Antiulcer/Drug for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
MOA of cimetidine:
blocking H2 receptors on the parietal cells in the stomach.
2. reduces both the volume of gastric juice and its hydrogen ion concentration.
Uses of cimetidine:
- treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers
- GERD
- zollinger ellison syndrome
Available over the counter for:
heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach
ADE of cimetidine:
- anti-adrenergic effects
- CNS effects especially in older adults who have renal or hepatic impairment
- pneumonia
1 nursing implication of cimetidine:
to promote smoking cessation
What is the brand name of omeprazole?
Prilosec
Pharmacological class of omeprazole:
proton pump inhibitor (PPI)/prodrug
Therapeutic class of omeprazole:
Antiulcer/Drug for PUD
MOA of omeprazole:
prodrug
- undergoes conversion into its active form within parietal cells in the stomach.
- active form causes irreversible inhibition of hydrogen-potassium-ATPase (enzyme that generates gastric acid)
short term uses of omeprazole:
Short term therapy of…
- duodenal ulcers
- gastric ulcers
- erosive esophagitis
- GERD
long term uses of omeprazole:
hypersecretory conditions (zollinger ellison’s syndrome)
ADE of short term use of omeprazole:
minor
ADE of long-term use of omeprazole:
- pneumonia
- fractures
- re-bound acid hypersectretion
- hypomagnesemia
- infection with C. diff
- gastric cancer
1 nursing implication of omeprazole:
informing the patient about signs and symptoms of respiratory infection
What is the brand name of methylcellulose?
Citrucel
Pharmacological class of methylcellulose:
Bulk-forming laxative
Therapeutic class of methylcellulose:
Constipation
What does methylcellulose have the same effect as?
The same impact on bowel function as dietary fiber (non-digestible and non-absorbable)
MOA of methylcellulose:
The drug swells in water to form a viscous solution softening fecal mass and increasing its bulk.
Uses of methylcellulose:
Temporary treatment of constipation
- Direticulosis
- irritable bowel syndrome
ADE of methylcellulose:
- esophageal obstruction if the drugs are swallowed in the absence of fluids
- intestinal obstruction or impaction (passage through the intestine is impeded)
1 nursing implication of methylcellulose:
instruct the patient to take the med with full glass of water or juice
What is the brand name of bisacodyl?
Dulcolax
Pharmacological class of bisacodyl:
stimulant laxative
Therapeutic class of bisacodyl:
constipation
What is important to note about stimulant laxatives?
widely used and abused
How many effects do stimulant laxatives have on the bowel?
2
What is the brand name of magnesium hydroxide?
milk of magnesia
Pharmacological class of magnesium hydroxide:
osmotic laxative
Therapeutic class of magnesium hydroxide:
constipation
What is magnesium hydroxide considered?
a laxative salt
What is the brand name of ondansetron?
Zofran
Pharmacological class of ondansetron:
serotonin receptor antagonist
Therapeutic class of ondansetron:
antiemetic
MOA of ondansetron:
blocking type 3 serotonin receptors located in the CTZ and on afferent fagal neurons in the upper GI tract.
When is ondansetron more effective?
when it is combined with a glucocorticoid
Uses of ondansetron:
management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, biro gastritis, and morning sickness of pregnancy
ADE of ondansetron:
- headache
- diarrhea
- dizziness
- Prolongnation of QT interval
1 nursing implication of ondansetron:
monitoring electrolytes
What is the brand name of metoclopramide?
Reglan
Pharmacological class of metoclopramide:
Dopamine and serotonin antagonist in chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)/enhances actions of acetylcholine
Therapeutic class of metoclopramide:
Antiemetic/Prokinetic
MOA of metoclopramide:
- suppresses emesis by blocking receptors for dopamine and serotonin in the CTZ
- Increases upper GI motility by enhancing the actions of acetylcholine
How can metoclopramide be given?
orally or intravenously
Uses of oral metoclopramide:
- diabetic gastroporesis
2. suppression of GERD
Uses of intravenous metoclopramide:
- suppress post-operative nausea and vomiting
- suppress chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
- facilitation of certain GI procedures
AE of metoclopramide depend on what?
dose
AE high dose therapy of metoclopramide:
- sedation
2. diarrhea
AE of long-term high dose therapy of metoclopramide:
irreversible tardive dyskinesia
1 nursing implication of metoclopramide:
educate patient regarding sedative effects
What is the brand name of sulfasalazine?
Azulfidine
Pharmacological class of sulfasalazine:
5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA)
Therapeutic class of sulfasalazine:
Drug for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
MOA of sulfasalazine:
broken down into 5-ASA and sulfa pyrodine
- 5-ASA acts by suppressing prostaglandin synthesis and suppressing the migration of inflammatory cells into the infected area.
- sulfa pyrodine acts by caused adverse effects.
Uses of sulfasalazine:
- manage acute episodes of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis
- crohn’s disease
ADE of sulfasalazine:
- nausea
- fever
- rash
- arthralgia
- hematologic disorders
1 nursing implication of sulfasalazine:
monitor complete blood cell counts
What is the brand name of ursodial?
actigall
Pharmacological class of ursodial:
Ursodeoxycholic acid/analog of chenodiol
Therapeutic class of ursodial:
Drug used to dissolve gallstones