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Exam 3 (Week 10) Flashcards

1
Q

are insulin preparations anabolic or catabolic:

A

anabolic

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2
Q

What is unique about insulin preparations

A

different time courses

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3
Q

What color should most insulin preparations be?

A

clear and colorless

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4
Q

What is important to monitor with insulin preparations?

A

blood glucose levels

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5
Q

What is crucial with insulin preparations?

A

storage is crucial

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6
Q

What is the brand name of NPH insulin?

A

novolin N

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7
Q

Pharmacological class of NPH insulin:

A

intermediate-acting insulin

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8
Q

Therapeutic class of NPH insulin:

A

antidiabetic

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9
Q

MOA of NPH insulin:

A
  1. Stimulates cellular
    transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides and potassium
  2. Promotes synthesis of complex organic molecules
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10
Q

Uses of NPH insulin:

A
  1. Diabetes mellitus (DM)
    - Type 1 and 2
  2. hyperkalemia
  3. diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency
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11
Q

What is unique about NPH insulin?

A

It appears cloudy unlike most insulins

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12
Q

What is the brand name of insulin glargine?

A

Lantus

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13
Q

Pharmacological class of insulin glargine:

A

long-acting insulin

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14
Q

Therapeutic class of insulin glargine:

A

antidiabetic

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15
Q

MOA of insulin glargine:

A
  1. Stimulates cellular
    transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides and potassium
  2. Promotes synthesis of complex organic molecules
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16
Q

Uses of insulin glargine:

A
  1. Diabetes mellitus (DM)
    - Type 1 and 2
  2. hyperkalemia
  3. diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency
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17
Q

What is the brand name of metformin?

A

glucophage

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18
Q

Pharmacological class of metformin:

A

biguanide

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19
Q

therapeutic class of metformin:

A

antidiabetic

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20
Q

MOA of metformin:

A
  1. Inhibits glucose production in the liver
  2. Sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues
  3. Slightly reduces glucose absorption in the gut
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21
Q

Uses of metformin:

A
  1. Glycemic control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
  2. Prevention of Type 2 DM
  3. Gestational diabetes
  4. Polycystic ovary
    syndrome (PCOS)
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22
Q

Adverse effects of metformin:

A
  1. Hypoglycemia
  2. Decreased appetite
  3. Nausea
  4. Diarrhea
  5. Lactic acidosis
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23
Q

1 nursing implication of metformin:

A

educate patient on the early signs of lactic acidosis

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24
Q

What route are biguanides administered?

A

orally

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25
Q

What is the brand name of glyburide?

A

DiaBeta

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26
Q

Pharmacological class of glyburide:

A

second-generation sulfonylurea

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27
Q

therapeutic class of glyburide:

A

antidiabetic

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28
Q

MOA of glyburide:

A
  1. Stimulate release of insulin from pancreatic islets by binding with and blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the cell membrane
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29
Q

Uses of glyburide:

A

Type 2 DM

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30
Q

Adverse effects of glyburide:

A
  1. hypoglycemia

2. weight gain

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31
Q

1 nursing implication of glyburide:

A

educate patient on signs of hypoglycemia

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32
Q

How many generations are there of sulfonylureas?

A

2

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33
Q

How are sulfonylureas (glyburide) administered?

A

orally

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34
Q

What is the brand name of glucagon?

A

glucagon emergency kit

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35
Q

pharmacological class of glucagon:

A

polypeptide hormone

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36
Q

Therapeutic class of glucagon:

A

antihypoglycemic

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37
Q

MOA of glucagon:

A
  1. Promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
  2. Reduces conversion of
    glucose to glycogen
  3. Stimulates biosynthesis
    of glucose
  4. Relaxes GI smooth
    muscle
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38
Q

Uses of glucagon:

A

treatment of severe hypoglycemia

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39
Q

adverse effects of glucagon:

A

hyperglycemia

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40
Q

1 nursing implication of glucagon:

A

educate patient on prevention of hypoglycemia

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41
Q

How is glucagon administered?

A

subcutaneous injection

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42
Q

Why would a glucagon be used?

A

Emergency rescue when patient is unconscious from extremely low blood sugars

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43
Q

What is the brand name of levothyroxine?

A

synthroid

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44
Q

Pharmacological class of levothyroxine:

A

synthetic thyroxin (T4)/thyroid hormone

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45
Q

Therapeutic class of levothyroxine:

A

drug for hypothyroidism

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46
Q

MOA of levothyroxine:

A
  1. Synthetic preparation of thyroxine (T4)
  2. Stimulation of energy use
  3. Stimulation of the heart
  4. Promotion of growth and
    development
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47
Q

Uses of levothyroxine:

A
  1. Hypothyroidism
    o Hormone
    replacement therapy
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48
Q

Adverse effects of levothyroxine:

A
  1. rare

2. acude overdose (thyrotoxicosis)

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49
Q

1 nursing implication of levothyroxine:

A

educate patient on signs of acute overdose

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50
Q

What do thyroid hormone drugs equalize:

A

equalizes T3 and T4

51
Q

What do you monitor with thyroid hormones:

A

monitor plasma blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH

52
Q

What is the brand name of methimazole?

53
Q

Pharmacological class of methimazole:

A

thionamide

54
Q

Therapeutic class methimazole

A

antithyroid

55
Q

MOA of methimazole:

A
  1. Suppress synthesis of thyroid hormones by preventing the oxidation of iodide and preventing iodinated tyrosines from coupling
56
Q

Uses of methimazole:

A
  1. Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism)
  2. Goiter
  3. Thyrotoxic crisis
    (Thyroid Storm)
57
Q

Adverse effects of methimazole:

A
  1. Agranulocytosis
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Effects in pregnancy
    and lactation
58
Q

1 nursing implication of methimazole:

A

Educate patient on signs of agranulocytosis

59
Q

What does methimazole:

A

safe handling - CDC list of hazard drugs

60
Q

What may also be used as antithyroid drug?

A

radioactive iodine

61
Q

What is the brand name of somatropin?

A

genotropin

62
Q

Pharmacological class of somatropin:

A

growth hormone (GH)

63
Q

Therapeutic class of somatropin:

A

GH deficiency

64
Q

MOA of somatropin:

A
  1. Polypeptide hormone produced by anterior pituitary to help regulate growth
  2. Promotes protein synthesis
  3. Reduces glucose utilization
65
Q

Uses of somatropin:

A

adult or pediatric growth hormone deficiency

66
Q

Adverse effects of somatropin:

A
  1. hyperglycemia
  2. neutralizing antibodies
  3. death
67
Q

What do you want to monitor with somatropin?

A

plasma blood sugar levels

68
Q

Excess growth hormone can cause what in children? in adults?

A
  1. in children = gigantism

2. in adults = acromegaly

69
Q

What is the brand name of desmopressin?

70
Q

Pharmacological class of desmopressin:

A

antipyretic hormone (ADH)

71
Q

Therapeutic class of desmopressin:

A

diabetes insipidus

72
Q

MOA of desmopressin:

A
  1. Hormone that acts on the kidney to cause
    reabsorption of water
  2. Stimulates contraction of
    vascular smooth muscle and smooth muscle of the GI tract
73
Q

Uses of desmopressin:

A
  1. hypothalamic diabetes insipidus

2. cardiac arrest

74
Q

Adverse effects of desmopressin:

A

water intoxication

75
Q

1 nursing implication of desmopressin:

A

promote adherence - treatment is lifelong

76
Q

what is natural antidiuretic hormone also called:

A

vasopressin

77
Q

What is the brand name of hydrocortisone?

78
Q

Pharmacological class of hydrocortisone:

A

synthetic steroid/glucocorticoid

79
Q

therapeutic class of hydrocortisone:

A

adrenocorticoid insufficiency

80
Q

MOA of hydrocortisone:

A
  1. Increase availability of glucose
  2. Maintain functional integrity of vascular system
  3. Support function of skeletal muscle
  4. Affect mood, CNS
    excitability
  5. Stress response
  6. Accelerate lung maturation
  7. Anti-inflammatory (Ch 72)
  8. Immunosuppressant (Ch
    72)
81
Q

Uses of hydrocortisone:

A 
1. Replacement therapy in adrenocortical
insufficiency
o Addison’s Disease
2. Adrenal crisis
3. Non-endocrine disorders
82
Q

Adverse effects of hydrocortisone:

A
  1. Excess levels cause Cushing’s Syndrome

2. Primary hyperaldosteronism

83
Q

1 nursing implication for hydrocortisone:

A

promote adherence - treatment is lifelong

84
Q

Where is glucocorticoid produced by?

A

adrenal cortex

85
Q

What is the most important glucocorticoid?

86
Q

what do low doses of glucocorticoids cause?

A

physiological effects

87
Q

what do high doses of glucocorticoids cause?

A

pharmacological effects

88
Q

What are mineralocorticoids produced by?

A

adrenal cortex

89
Q

What is the most important mineralocorticoid?

A

aldosterone

90
Q

What is the secretion of mineralocorticoid controlled by?

91
Q

What is the brand name of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone

92
Q

Pharmacological class of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:

A

Estrogen plus progestin

93
Q

Therapeutic class of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone

A

combination oral contraceptive

94
Q

MOA of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:

A
  1. Interference with reproductive process at any step from gametogenesis to implantation
  2. Combination oral contraceptives (OCs) reduce fertility by INHIBITING OVULATION
95
Q

Uses of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone

A
  1. Prevention of pregnancy

2. Menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HT/HRT)

96
Q

Adverse effects of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:

A 
o Thromboembolic
disorders
o Hypertension 
o Abnormal uterine bleeding 
o Headaches
97
Q

1 nursing implication of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:

A

Promote strict regimen adherence

98
Q

ethanol estradiol/norethindrone: require what?

A

safe handling

99
Q

What is the length of the schedule for ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:

A

28-day-cycle schedules

100
Q

What is the brand name of norethindrone:

101
Q

Pharmacological class of norethindrone:

A

progestin-only

102
Q

Therapeutic class of norethindrone:

A

oral contraceptive

103
Q

MOA of norethindrone:

A
  1. Interference with reproductive process at any step from gametogenesis to implantation
  2. Progestin-only OCs alter cervical secretions causing thick, sticky mucus that acts as a barrier to sperm penetration
104
Q

Uses of norethindrone:

A
  1. Prevention of pregnancy

2. Menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HT/HRT)

105
Q

Adverse effects of norenthindrone:

A

irregular bleeding

106
Q

What is required with norenthindrone:

A

safe handling

107
Q

What is the brand name of sildenafil?

108
Q

Pharmacological class of sildenafil:

A

phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor

109
Q

Therapeutic class of sildenafil:

A

Drug for erectile dysfunction

110
Q

MOA of sildenafil:

A
  1. Selective inhibition of PDE5 causes increases and preservation of cGMP levels in the penis making erection harder and longer lasting
  2. Sexual stimuli must be present
111
Q

Uses of sildenafil:

A

in men with erectile dysfunction (ED)

112
Q

Adverse effects of sildenafil:

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Priapism
  3. Headache
  4. Flushing
  5. Dyspepsia
113
Q

1 nursing implication of sildenafil:

A

education patient on max daily dose

114
Q

How is sildenafil administered?

115
Q

What suffix are PDE5 inhibitors known by:

116
Q

What is the brand name of finasteride?

117
Q

Pharmacological class of finasteride:

A

5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors

118
Q

Therapeutic class of finasteride:

A

Drug for benign prostatic hyperplasia

119
Q

MOA of finasteride:

A
  1. Acts in reproductive tissue to inhibit 5-alpha- redeuctase, an enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the active form of testosterone in the prostate
120
Q

Uses of finasteride:

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

121
Q

Adverse effects of finasteride:

A
  1. decrease in ejactulate volume and libido

2. gynecomastia

122
Q

1 nursing implication of finasteride:

A

promote adherence

123
Q

What is important about finasteride?

A

it requires special handling

124
Q

What are also used to treat BPH?

A

Alpha1 adrenergic antagonists

NURS 472A (9 decks)

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