Exam 4: Urinary System Flashcards
Whats the main function of the kidneys
filter blood
What two hormones does the kidney secrete
erythropoietin and renin
What vitamin does the kidney activate
D
What two things does the kidney maintain
H2O and ion concentrations
WHat does the kidney excrete
waste
What are the three renal processes
glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
What is the name for the short nephron loop
cortical nephron
What is the name for the long nephron loop
juxtamedullary nephron
Which nephron tube is closer to the cortex-medulla junction
juxamedullary
In the cortical nephron do the efferent arteriole supply the pertitubular capillaries or the vasa recta?
peritublar
In the juxtamedullary nephron do the efferent arteriole supply the pertitubular capillaries or the vasa recta?
vasa recta
WHat is the first of the three renal processes
glomerular filtration
What does extraglomerular mesangial mean
outside the glomarus, inside the vessel
WHat are the chemoreceptor cells
macula densa cells
What do the Macula Densa cells monitor
NaCl levels
WHat cells pass messages and our connected by gap junctions?
extraglomerular mesangial cells
Which cells are smooth muscle cells that fine tune glomerular filtration pressure
granular cells
What do granular cells secreate
renin
What should the NFP or NEt Filtration Pressure be
10 mm Hg
What should GFR or Glomerular filtration rate be
120 mL/min
GFR is majorly affected by what
blood pressure
What are two intrinsic controls to help regulated GFR
myogenic stretch reflex and tubuloglomerular feedback
What are two extrinsic controls to help regulate GFR
Sympathetic nervous stimiulation of epinephrine and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
If blood pressure increases what will happen to GFR
it will also increaseq
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone is an extrinisic control when what happens
Blood Presure and GFR are low
By what process does salt retention cause H2O retention
osmosis and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
What is the second step of renal process?
tubular reabsorption
Tubular reabsorption reclaims what two things
h2o and solutes
WHat are the two routes of tubular reabsorption
transcellular route and paracellular route
What is the first step of transcellular route
cross apical membrane
WHat is the second step of transcellular route
diffusion across cytosol
What is the third step of transcellular route
cross basolateral membrane
WHat is the forth and final step of trancellular route
cross interstitial fluid into capillary
What is the first step of the paracellular route
move through leaky tight junctions
What is the second step of the paracellular route
movement trough the interstitial fluid and into the capillary
WHat happens in the proximal convoluted tuble
65% of H2O and solutes reabsorbed back into blood
WHat is permeable in the descending loop
H2O only
What is permeable in the ascending loop
solute permeable only
WHat happens at the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts
regulated reabsorption which are the sites of hormone actions
What causes aquaporins to be inserted into tuble cell plasma membranes
ADH- antidiuretic hormone
What causes Na reabsorption in exchange for K
aldosterone
What blocks Na reabsorption
atrial naturiuretic peptide
WHat increases Ca reabsorption at DCT
Parathyroid Hormone
What is the third step in the renal process
tubular secretion
What does tubular secretion do
moves solutes from blood back into the tubule
WHat does tubular secretion remove from the body
some substance not filtered, some substances already reabsorbed-urea, excess K and H or HCO
