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A&P2 > Exam 4: Urinary System > Flashcards

Exam 4: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the main function of the kidneys

A

filter blood

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2
Q

What two hormones does the kidney secrete

A

erythropoietin and renin

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3
Q

What vitamin does the kidney activate

A

D

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4
Q

What two things does the kidney maintain

A

H2O and ion concentrations

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5
Q

WHat does the kidney excrete

A

waste

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6
Q

What are the three renal processes

A

glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

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7
Q

What is the name for the short nephron loop

A

cortical nephron

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8
Q

What is the name for the long nephron loop

A

juxtamedullary nephron

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9
Q

Which nephron tube is closer to the cortex-medulla junction

A

juxamedullary

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10
Q

In the cortical nephron do the efferent arteriole supply the pertitubular capillaries or the vasa recta?

A

peritublar

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11
Q

In the juxtamedullary nephron do the efferent arteriole supply the pertitubular capillaries or the vasa recta?

A

vasa recta

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12
Q

WHat is the first of the three renal processes

A

glomerular filtration

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13
Q

What does extraglomerular mesangial mean

A

outside the glomarus, inside the vessel

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14
Q

WHat are the chemoreceptor cells

A

macula densa cells

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15
Q

What do the Macula Densa cells monitor

A

NaCl levels

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16
Q

WHat cells pass messages and our connected by gap junctions?

A

extraglomerular mesangial cells

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17
Q

Which cells are smooth muscle cells that fine tune glomerular filtration pressure

A

granular cells

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18
Q

What do granular cells secreate

A

renin

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19
Q

What should the NFP or NEt Filtration Pressure be

A

10 mm Hg

20
Q

What should GFR or Glomerular filtration rate be

A

120 mL/min

21
Q

GFR is majorly affected by what

A

blood pressure

22
Q

What are two intrinsic controls to help regulated GFR

A

myogenic stretch reflex and tubuloglomerular feedback

23
Q

What are two extrinsic controls to help regulate GFR

A

Sympathetic nervous stimiulation of epinephrine and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

24
Q

If blood pressure increases what will happen to GFR

A

it will also increaseq

25
Q

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone is an extrinisic control when what happens

A

Blood Presure and GFR are low

26
Q

By what process does salt retention cause H2O retention

A

osmosis and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

27
Q

What is the second step of renal process?

A

tubular reabsorption

28
Q

Tubular reabsorption reclaims what two things

A

h2o and solutes

29
Q

WHat are the two routes of tubular reabsorption

A

transcellular route and paracellular route

30
Q

What is the first step of transcellular route

A

cross apical membrane

31
Q

WHat is the second step of transcellular route

A

diffusion across cytosol

32
Q

What is the third step of transcellular route

A

cross basolateral membrane

33
Q

WHat is the forth and final step of trancellular route

A

cross interstitial fluid into capillary

34
Q

What is the first step of the paracellular route

A

move through leaky tight junctions

35
Q

What is the second step of the paracellular route

A

movement trough the interstitial fluid and into the capillary

36
Q

WHat happens in the proximal convoluted tuble

A

65% of H2O and solutes reabsorbed back into blood

37
Q

WHat is permeable in the descending loop

A

H2O only

38
Q

What is permeable in the ascending loop

A

solute permeable only

39
Q

WHat happens at the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts

A

regulated reabsorption which are the sites of hormone actions

40
Q

What causes aquaporins to be inserted into tuble cell plasma membranes

A

ADH- antidiuretic hormone

41
Q

What causes Na reabsorption in exchange for K

A

aldosterone

42
Q

What blocks Na reabsorption

A

atrial naturiuretic peptide

43
Q

WHat increases Ca reabsorption at DCT

A

Parathyroid Hormone

44
Q

What is the third step in the renal process

A

tubular secretion

45
Q

What does tubular secretion do

A

moves solutes from blood back into the tubule

46
Q

WHat does tubular secretion remove from the body

A

some substance not filtered, some substances already reabsorbed-urea, excess K and H or HCO

A&P2 (11 decks)

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