Exam 4: Urinary System

Question 1

Whats the main function of the kidneys

Answer 1

filter blood

Question 2

What two hormones does the kidney secrete

Answer 2

erythropoietin and renin

Question 3

What vitamin does the kidney activate

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What two things does the kidney maintain

Answer 4

H2O and ion concentrations

Question 5

WHat does the kidney excrete

Answer 5

waste

Question 6

What are the three renal processes

Answer 6

glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

Question 7

What is the name for the short nephron loop

Answer 7

cortical nephron

Question 8

What is the name for the long nephron loop

Answer 8

juxtamedullary nephron

Question 9

Which nephron tube is closer to the cortex-medulla junction

Answer 9

juxamedullary

Question 10

In the cortical nephron do the efferent arteriole supply the pertitubular capillaries or the vasa recta?

Answer 10

peritublar

Question 11

In the juxtamedullary nephron do the efferent arteriole supply the pertitubular capillaries or the vasa recta?

Answer 11

vasa recta

Question 12

WHat is the first of the three renal processes

Answer 12

glomerular filtration

Question 13

What does extraglomerular mesangial mean

Answer 13

outside the glomarus, inside the vessel

Question 14

WHat are the chemoreceptor cells

Answer 14

macula densa cells

Question 15

What do the Macula Densa cells monitor

Answer 15

NaCl levels

Question 16

WHat cells pass messages and our connected by gap junctions?

Answer 16

extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 17

Which cells are smooth muscle cells that fine tune glomerular filtration pressure

Answer 17

granular cells

Question 18

What do granular cells secreate

Answer 18

renin

Question 19

What should the NFP or NEt Filtration Pressure be

Answer 19

10 mm Hg

Question 20

What should GFR or Glomerular filtration rate be

Answer 20

120 mL/min

Question 21

GFR is majorly affected by what

Answer 21

blood pressure

Question 22

What are two intrinsic controls to help regulated GFR

Answer 22

myogenic stretch reflex and tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 23

What are two extrinsic controls to help regulate GFR

Answer 23

Sympathetic nervous stimiulation of epinephrine and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

Question 24

If blood pressure increases what will happen to GFR

Answer 24

it will also increaseq

Question 25

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone is an extrinisic control when what happens

Answer 25

Blood Presure and GFR are low

Question 26

By what process does salt retention cause H2O retention

Answer 26

osmosis and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Question 27

What is the second step of renal process?

Answer 27

tubular reabsorption

Question 28

Tubular reabsorption reclaims what two things

Answer 28

h2o and solutes

Question 29

WHat are the two routes of tubular reabsorption

Answer 29

transcellular route and paracellular route

Question 30

What is the first step of transcellular route

Answer 30

cross apical membrane

Question 31

WHat is the second step of transcellular route

Answer 31

diffusion across cytosol

Question 32

What is the third step of transcellular route

Answer 32

cross basolateral membrane

Question 33

WHat is the forth and final step of trancellular route

Answer 33

cross interstitial fluid into capillary

Question 34

What is the first step of the paracellular route

Answer 34

move through leaky tight junctions

Question 35

What is the second step of the paracellular route

Answer 35

movement trough the interstitial fluid and into the capillary

Question 36

WHat happens in the proximal convoluted tuble

Answer 36

65% of H2O and solutes reabsorbed back into blood

Question 37

WHat is permeable in the descending loop

Answer 37

H2O only

Question 38

What is permeable in the ascending loop

Answer 38

solute permeable only

Question 39

WHat happens at the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts

Answer 39

regulated reabsorption which are the sites of hormone actions

Question 40

What causes aquaporins to be inserted into tuble cell plasma membranes

Answer 40

ADH- antidiuretic hormone

Question 41

What causes Na reabsorption in exchange for K

Answer 41

aldosterone

Question 42

What blocks Na reabsorption

Answer 42

atrial naturiuretic peptide

Question 43

WHat increases Ca reabsorption at DCT

Answer 43

Parathyroid Hormone

Question 44

What is the third step in the renal process

Answer 44

tubular secretion

Question 45

What does tubular secretion do

Answer 45

moves solutes from blood back into the tubule

Question 46

WHat does tubular secretion remove from the body

Answer 46

some substance not filtered, some substances already reabsorbed-urea, excess K and H or HCO