Exam 4: Reproduction

Question 1

What are the primary sex organs

Answer 1

gonads

Question 2

What are the accessory sex organs

Answer 2

everything else

Question 3

What do the gonads produce

Answer 3

gametes

Question 4

What other gametes also know as

Answer 4

gametes

Question 5

Are somatic cells diploid or haploid

Answer 5

diploid

Question 6

What does it mean that somatic cells are diploid

Answer 6

have 2 copies of each gene on two homologous chromosomes (1 from mom, one from dad)

Question 7

Are gametes diploid or haploid

Answer 7

haploid

Question 8

What does it mean that gametes are haploid

Answer 8

they have only one copy of each gene

Question 9

What is homologous recombination

Answer 9

the chromosome had some genes from mom and some from dad

Question 10

What is discrete region of DNA that encodes the instructions for building a protein

Answer 10

gene

Question 11

What is versions of a gene that encode slightly different versions of the same protein

Answer 11

alleles

Question 12

How many copies does meiosis produce

Answer 12

one

Question 13

WHat does meiosis produce

Answer 13

gametes

Question 14

How many copies does mitosis

Answer 14

two

Question 15

WHat does mitosis produce

Answer 15

clones that have same DNA

Question 16

What are the four phases of Mitosis

Answer 16

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 17

Does Mitosis synapsis

Answer 17

no

Question 18

Does meiosis synapsos

Answer 18

yes during prophase 1

Question 19

How many daughter cells does mitosis produce

Answer 19

2 cells

Question 20

How many daughter cells does meiosis produce

Answer 20

4 cells

Question 21

What is independent assortment

Answer 21

randomly shuffles genes on different chromosomes

Question 22

WHat is homologous recombination

Answer 22

randomly shuffles genes on SAME chromosome

Question 23

In independent assortment what happens to each chromosome

Answer 23

they segregate completely independently

Question 24

In Meisosis 1, when does independent assortment occur

Answer 24

metaphase 1 and anaphase 1

Question 25

In meiosis 2, when does independent assortment happen

Answer 25

Metaphase 2 and anaphase 2

Question 26

What is crossing over?

Answer 26

When each chromosome is a mixture of paternal/ maternal alles

Question 27

What type of genes have a higher chance of being linked together

Answer 27

linked genes

Question 28

what are linked genes

Answer 28

genes on the same chromosome

Question 29

What is another name for sustenocytes

Answer 29

sertoli cells

Question 30

What do sertoli cells do?

Answer 30

secrete fluid media for sperm

Question 31

What is another name for interstitial endocrine cells

Answer 31

leydig cells

Question 32

What do leydig cells do

Answer 32

secrete testosterone

Question 33

Why do leydig cells secrete testosterone

Answer 33

in response to lutenizing hormone

Question 34

What does GnRH mean

Answer 34

Gonadtropin release hormone

Question 35

What does GnRH

Answer 35

stimulates anterior pituitary

Question 36

Where is GnRH released from

Answer 36

hypothalamus

Question 37

What does FSH mean

Answer 37

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 38

What does FSH do

Answer 38

stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete ABP

Question 39

What is LH

Answer 39

Luteinizing hormone

Question 40

What does LH do

Answer 40

stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

Question 41

What is ABP

Answer 41

Androgen-binding protein

Question 42

What does ABP do

Answer 42

bind/ protects testosterone from degradation

Question 43

What is testosterone responsible for

Answer 43

stimulating sperm production

Question 44

What does inhibin do

Answer 44

blocks GnRH when rate of apermatogenesis is high enough

Question 45

What is the optimal temperature for spermatogenesis

Answer 45

34 degrees C

Question 46

What muscles regulate spermatogenesis tempature

Answer 46

dartos and cremaster

Question 47

What makes up semen

Answer 47

sperm and fluid secretions

Question 48

What do the testicles produce

Answer 48

sperm and some fluid

Question 49

What produces 60% of the semen

Answer 49

seminal vesicle

Question 50

What produces 25% of the semen

Answer 50

prostate

Question 51

Where is sperm stored prior to ejaculation?

Answer 51

epididymis and ampulla of vas deferens

Question 52

WHat three sets of smooth muscle propel semen into/ along urethra

Answer 52

vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate

Question 53

WHat hormones do the ovaries produce

Answer 53

progesterone and estrogen

Question 54

What does progesterone do

Answer 54

hormone that promotes carrying a child

Question 55

What is an oocyte

Answer 55

immature egg

Question 56

What is a follicle

Answer 56

oocyte + surrounding cells

Question 57

What is ovulation

Answer 57

monthly release of an egg

Question 58

What are the three phases of egg development

Answer 58

follicular, ovulation and lutea;

Question 59

How long is the egg viable after ovulation

Answer 59

12-24 hours

Question 60

What three things do hormonal contraceptives do

Answer 60

prevents ovulation, inhibits perm motility, prevents implantation of newly conceived embryo

Question 61

What is mifepristone

Answer 61

abortion pill; steroid that blocks progestin

Question 62

WHat is the leading cause of cervical cancer

Answer 62

HPV

Question 63

What is an embryo?

Answer 63

term used in first 8 weeks of life

Question 64

What is fetus

Answer 64

week 9 to birth