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A&P2 > Exam 4: Reproduction > Flashcards

Exam 4: Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary sex organs

A

gonads

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2
Q

What are the accessory sex organs

A

everything else

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3
Q

What do the gonads produce

A

gametes

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4
Q

What other gametes also know as

A

gametes

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5
Q

Are somatic cells diploid or haploid

A

diploid

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6
Q

What does it mean that somatic cells are diploid

A

have 2 copies of each gene on two homologous chromosomes (1 from mom, one from dad)

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7
Q

Are gametes diploid or haploid

A

haploid

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8
Q

What does it mean that gametes are haploid

A

they have only one copy of each gene

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9
Q

What is homologous recombination

A

the chromosome had some genes from mom and some from dad

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10
Q

What is discrete region of DNA that encodes the instructions for building a protein

A

gene

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11
Q

What is versions of a gene that encode slightly different versions of the same protein

A

alleles

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12
Q

How many copies does meiosis produce

A

one

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13
Q

WHat does meiosis produce

A

gametes

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14
Q

How many copies does mitosis

A

two

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15
Q

WHat does mitosis produce

A

clones that have same DNA

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16
Q

What are the four phases of Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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17
Q

Does Mitosis synapsis

A

no

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18
Q

Does meiosis synapsos

A

yes during prophase 1

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19
Q

How many daughter cells does mitosis produce

A

2 cells

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20
Q

How many daughter cells does meiosis produce

A

4 cells

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21
Q

What is independent assortment

A

randomly shuffles genes on different chromosomes

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22
Q

WHat is homologous recombination

A

randomly shuffles genes on SAME chromosome

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23
Q

In independent assortment what happens to each chromosome

A

they segregate completely independently

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24
Q

In Meisosis 1, when does independent assortment occur

A

metaphase 1 and anaphase 1

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25
Q

In meiosis 2, when does independent assortment happen

A

Metaphase 2 and anaphase 2

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26
Q

What is crossing over?

A

When each chromosome is a mixture of paternal/ maternal alles

27
Q

What type of genes have a higher chance of being linked together

A

linked genes

28
Q

what are linked genes

A

genes on the same chromosome

29
Q

What is another name for sustenocytes

A

sertoli cells

30
Q

What do sertoli cells do?

A

secrete fluid media for sperm

31
Q

What is another name for interstitial endocrine cells

A

leydig cells

32
Q

What do leydig cells do

A

secrete testosterone

33
Q

Why do leydig cells secrete testosterone

A

in response to lutenizing hormone

34
Q

What does GnRH mean

A

Gonadtropin release hormone

35
Q

What does GnRH

A

stimulates anterior pituitary

36
Q

Where is GnRH released from

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

What does FSH mean

A

follicle stimulating hormone

38
Q

What does FSH do

A

stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete ABP

39
Q

What is LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

40
Q

What does LH do

A

stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

41
Q

What is ABP

A

Androgen-binding protein

42
Q

What does ABP do

A

bind/ protects testosterone from degradation

43
Q

What is testosterone responsible for

A

stimulating sperm production

44
Q

What does inhibin do

A

blocks GnRH when rate of apermatogenesis is high enough

45
Q

What is the optimal temperature for spermatogenesis

A

34 degrees C

46
Q

What muscles regulate spermatogenesis tempature

A

dartos and cremaster

47
Q

What makes up semen

A

sperm and fluid secretions

48
Q

What do the testicles produce

A

sperm and some fluid

49
Q

What produces 60% of the semen

A

seminal vesicle

50
Q

What produces 25% of the semen

A

prostate

51
Q

Where is sperm stored prior to ejaculation?

A

epididymis and ampulla of vas deferens

52
Q

WHat three sets of smooth muscle propel semen into/ along urethra

A

vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate

53
Q

WHat hormones do the ovaries produce

A

progesterone and estrogen

54
Q

What does progesterone do

A

hormone that promotes carrying a child

55
Q

What is an oocyte

A

immature egg

56
Q

What is a follicle

A

oocyte + surrounding cells

57
Q

What is ovulation

A

monthly release of an egg

58
Q

What are the three phases of egg development

A

follicular, ovulation and lutea;

59
Q

How long is the egg viable after ovulation

A

12-24 hours

60
Q

What three things do hormonal contraceptives do

A

prevents ovulation, inhibits perm motility, prevents implantation of newly conceived embryo

61
Q

What is mifepristone

A

abortion pill; steroid that blocks progestin

62
Q

WHat is the leading cause of cervical cancer

A

HPV

63
Q

What is an embryo?

A

term used in first 8 weeks of life

64
Q

What is fetus

A

week 9 to birth

A&P2 (11 decks)

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