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Exam 1 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components that make up blood?

A

Plasma and Formed elements

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2
Q

What three things make up formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes, Luekocytes and Platelets

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3
Q

WHat two things make up Plasma?

A

H2O and solutes

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4
Q

WHat percent of plasma is water

A

90

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5
Q

What percent of plasma is protein

A

8

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6
Q

What does Albumin do in plasma?

A

main contributor to osmolarity

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7
Q

What two things make up Globulins?

A

Alpha/Beta and gamma

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8
Q

What does alpha/ beta cells do in plamsa?

A

They are the carrier proteins

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9
Q

WHat does Fibrinogen do in Plasma?

A

Forms fibers during blood clotting?

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10
Q

What is the buffy coat between plasma and blood made up of?

A

Leukocytes and platelets

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11
Q

What percent of blood is erythrocytes?

A

45%

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12
Q

WhaT are erythrocytes filled with?

A

Hemoglobin

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13
Q

WHat does Hemoglobin consisit of?

A

globin and 4 heme groups

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14
Q

Plasma makes up what percent of blood

A

55

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15
Q

In order of density from least to most rank plasma,, eryrheocytes and buffy coat

A

plasma, buffy coat, erythrocytes

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16
Q

What is the function of leukocytes?

A

DEFENSE

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17
Q

What are the two types of leukocytes

A

granular and agranular

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18
Q

What do neutrophils attack?

A

bacteria

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19
Q

What do eosinophil attack?

A

Parasites

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20
Q

What do Basophils release?

A

Histamine

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21
Q

Which cells of the lymphocyte attack virus infected cells?

A

T Cells

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22
Q

What is another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

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23
Q

Platelets are technically…

A

cell fragments

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24
Q

Platelets or thrombocytes function is

A

blood clot formation

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25
Q

WHat happens in the Capillary beds of lungs and tissue?

A

Gas exchange happens

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26
Q

What is stenosis?

A

when the valve gets stiff and doesn’t open as easily or as wide

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27
Q

What is a heart murmur?

A

Sound generated by blood rushing past on object (such as stenotic valve or leaky valve)

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28
Q

What do coronary arteries do?

A

Provide blood supply to myocardium

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29
Q

If a coronary artery is blocked what happens?

A

Heart attack

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30
Q

What is a systole?

A

Contraction

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31
Q

What is end systolic volume

A

volume when fully contracted

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32
Q

What is diastole

A

relaxation and expansion

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33
Q

What is stroke volume

A

the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per beat

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34
Q

WHat are the 2 main cell types

A

pacemaker cells and cardiac myocytes

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35
Q

What do pacemaker cells do

A

control heart rate

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36
Q

what do cardiac myocytes do

A

its ability to contract

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37
Q

What is angioplasty

A

a procedure to open narrowed or blocked arties caused by deposits of plaque

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38
Q

What are the 3 types of vessels?

A

artery, capillary, veins

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39
Q

Rank the 3 vessels from thinniest to thickest walls

A

capillary. vein and thinner

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40
Q

Which vessel has the location of gas and nutrient exchange

41
Q

Of the plasma components the main contribution to osmotic pressure is….

42
Q

What are the two storage molecules for iron

A

Ferritin

Hemosiderin

43
Q

What is the molecule that carries iron through blood?

A

Transferrin

44
Q

What is ferritin

A

Big storage area of iron

45
Q

What is transferrin

A

Protein that transfers iron

46
Q

Having ______ copy of HbS gene will cause sickle cell trait and confer malarial resistance

47
Q

WBCs can exit blood vessels via ________, an ameboid motion permitting positive chemotaxis

A

Diapedesis

48
Q

What does the T cell do

A

Attack virus infected cells

49
Q

What does the B cell do

A

Make antibodies

50
Q

Which cell type turns into macrophages that engulf various pathogens

51
Q

What are the two sub groups of lymphocytes

A

T cells

B cells

52
Q

If B cells are activated the turn into _____ which secret antibodies

A

Plasma cells

53
Q

List the granule yetis

A

Neutrophil
Eosinophils
Basophils

54
Q

List the agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

55
Q

Which WBCs are derived from myeloid stem cells

A

Granular and agranular leukocytes except lymphocytes

56
Q

Which granulocytes takes up red dye

A

Eosinophils

57
Q

Which granulocytes takes up blue dye

58
Q

Valves are one way doors that are opened and closed by?

A

Positive and negative pressure generated by the heart

59
Q

AV valves open when atrial pressure is____ than ventricular pressure

60
Q

AV valves close when atrial pressure is _____ than ventricular pressure

61
Q

Which phase of membrane potential is first

A

Depolarization

62
Q

Which phase of membrane potential is second

63
Q

Which phase of membrane potential is he last

A

Repolarization

64
Q

Which phase of membrane potential is effected by Na

A

Depolarization

65
Q

Which phase of membrane potential is effected by K

A

Repolarization

66
Q

Which phase of membrane potential is effected by Ca

A

Plateau phase

67
Q

List the four chambers of the heart in order of blood flow beginning with deoxygenated blood coming into the body

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

68
Q

List the four valves blood passes through in order

A

Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Bicuspid valve
Aortic valve

69
Q

What molecular structure in sarcolemma makes the cells electrically coupled

A

Gap junctions

70
Q

This slow depolarization is due to the opening of Na channels

A

Pacemaker potential

71
Q

Ecg components what is happening at the letter P

A

Atrial depolarization

72
Q

Ecg components what is happening between P and Q

A

Impulse is delayed at AV node

73
Q

Ecg components what is happening at the letter Q R S

A

Ventricular depolarization at apex

74
Q

Ecg components what is happening between S T

A

Depolarization complete

75
Q

Ecg components what is happening at the letter T

A

Ventricular repolarization begins at apex

76
Q

Ecg components what is happening after the letter T

A

Ventricular repolarization

77
Q

What decreases depolarization speed in pacemaker cells by opening K channels

A

Acetylcholine

78
Q

What increases depolarization speed in pacemaker cells by increasing caption influx into the heart

A

Epinephrine/ norepinephrine

79
Q

Which capillary is least permeable

A

Continuous

80
Q

Which capillary is the most permeable

81
Q

Which capillary occurs in areas of active absorption or flirtation like kidney or small intestine

A

Fenestrated capillary

82
Q

Which capillary occurs in skin and muscle

A

Continuous capillary

83
Q

Which capillary occurs in special locations like liver bone marrow spleen

84
Q

Which type of vessel is solely endothelium

85
Q

Name two parts of vascular shunt

A

Metarteriole

Thoroughfare channel

86
Q

Which vessel has the smallest diameter

87
Q

Does Vasodilation or Vasoconstriction increase pressure?

A

Vasoconstriction

88
Q

Which area has the lowest blood pressure

A

Venae cavae

89
Q

Which area has the highest blood pressure

90
Q

What three things regulate blood pressure

A

Neural
Hormonal
Renal

91
Q

Which hormones increase blood pressure

A

norepinephrine/epinephrine
angiotensin
antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone

92
Q

What stimulates thrist perception in the brain

A

angiotensin

93
Q

What hormone promotes water retention

A

Antidiuretic hormone

94
Q

What hormone promotes Na retention

A

Aldosterone

95
Q

What stimulates vasodilation and Na excretion in urine

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

96
Q

what is hypertension

A

high blood pressure

97
Q

What is atheroslerosis

A

build up of plaque

98
Q

What blocks angiotensin pathway

A

ACE inhibitors

A&P2 (11 decks)

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