Exam 4 quizzes Flashcards
Quiz – Helplessness
Weiss (1980) studied “learned helplessness” by forcing rats to swim in water without being able to rest for a long time. His research showed that “learned helplessness” occured if…
a) only occurred if the rats were forced to swim with generically relatives
b) only occurred if rats had to swim in cold water which was highly aversive
c) only occurred if the rats were repeatedly stressed by the same
d) Occurred because the physical exertion depleted stores of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
a) only occurred if the rats were forced to swim with generically relatives
Correct answer: **b) only occurred if rats had to swim in cold water which was highly aversive **
c) only occurred if the rats were repeatedly stressed by the same
d) Occurred because the physical exertion depleted stores of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
There was a common belief that jobs requiring a lot of decision-making caused stomach ulcers. This belief was based on results from the “Executive Monkey” study where some monkeys had control over whether shocks would be received. However, the original “Executive Monkey” study was flawed because….
a) monkeys do not have an HPA axis to regulates stress
b) which monkey was given control over the shocks was randomly assigned
c) the monkeys assigned to control the shocks were already more reactive to stress
d) monkeys do not experience social forms of stress
a) monkeys do not have an HPA axis to regulates stress
b) which monkey was given control over the shocks was randomly assigned
c) Correct answer: the monkeys assigned to control the shocks were already more reactive to stress
d) monkeys do not experience social forms of stress
Early research on “learned helplessness” showed that after animal receives a series of uncontrollable shocks, the animal will later not make any effort to avoid future shocks. This was interpreted as the animal learning to be helpless. However, later research has shown that the reason why the animals didn’t attempt to avoid future shocks was because….
a) the animals became pain resistant, so they didn’t feel the shocks as intensely
b) the animals could not remember how to escape the shocks
c) the animals were angry, so they were being disobedient
d) the stressful experience depleted neurotransmitters involved in motivation
a) the animals became pain resistant, so they didn’t feel the shocks as intensely
b) the animals could not remember how to escape the shocks
c) the animals were angry, so they were being disobedient
d) Correct answer: the stressful experience depleted neurotransmitters involved in motivation
Weiss used a Sideman Avoidance paradigm where two rats were yoked together. Both rats received the same shocks, but one rat could control ways to avoid the shocks. The results showed that rats ____***____ suffered the worst health outcomes.
a) who knew they being treated unfairly (because they could see another rat that never received shocks)
b) Could not predict or control the shocks
c) Controlled whether both rats would avoid the shocks
d) Were warned when shocks would be received
a) who knew they being treated unfairly (because they could see another rat that never received shocks)
b) Correct answer: Could not predict or control the shocks
c) Controlled whether both rats would avoid the shocks
d) Were warned when shocks would be received
Walter Cannon researched stories of Voodoo Death where people supposedly died shortly after being cursed with various forms of “black magic.” Cannon concluded that…
a) If someone that believed in black magic had a pre-existing heart condition, the extreme fear could trigger deadly cardiac event
b) most cases of voodoo death were caused by drug overdoses after someone was told they had been cursed.
c) all the stories of voodoo death were a complete hoax
d) There were so many stories of voodoo death that black magic must be real
a) Correct answer: If someone that believed in black magic had a pre-existing heart condition, the extreme fear could trigger deadly cardiac event
b) most cases of voodoo death were caused by drug overdoses after someone was told they had been cursed.
c) all the stories of voodoo death were a complete hoax
d) There were so many stories of voodoo death that black magic must be real
Weathering
Longitudinal data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey showed that people who were ** and ** had higher levels of allostatic load regardless of age.
a) Caucasian, men
b) poor, men
c) African-American, women
d) Asian, uneducated
a) Caucasian, men
b) poor, men
c) Correct answer: African-American, women
d) Asian, uneducated
Research on how race and education interact to shorten life expectancy found that ** had the most years of life lost (YLL). (note: more years of life lost is bad= shorter life)
a) highly educated African-American women
b) poor educated Caucasian women
c) poorly educated Caucasian men
d) poorly educated African-American men
a) highly educated African-American women
b) poor educated Caucasian women
c) poorly educated Caucasian men
d) Correct answer: poorly educated African-American men
The term “weathering” was proposed to describe….
b) the added allostatic load of living with stigma or marginalization
Over the past 30 years there has been a large increase of Americans dying from “deaths of despair.” The largest increase in “deaths of despair” has been among….
a) poorly educated Caucasians
b) Black and Hispanic LGBT youth
c) middle aged African-American women
d) young African-American males
a) Correct answer: poorly educated Caucasians
b) Black and Hispanic LGBT youth
c) middle aged African-American women
d) young African-American males
A researcher uses blood samples to create a measure of allostatic load. Which of the following measures would NOT be included in an allostatic load index?
a) Correct answer: serotonin levels
b) cortisol levels
c) glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)
d) norepinephrine levels
