Exam #3 quizzes

Question 1

Stress and the Immune System

Mack just cut his finger. Damn that hurts. The pain activates his sympathetic nervous system. The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine will

a) trigger a pro-inflammatory response

b) Inhibit the activity of phagocytes in the immune system

c) stimulate B-plasma cells to become B-memory cells

d) trigger an anti-inflammatory response

Answer 1

a) trigger a pro-inflammatory response

Question 2

The cells and tissues of the immune system communicate with chemical messages known as …

a) Phytonutrients
b) polypeptides
c) Cytokines
d) Cytoplasm

Answer 2

c) Cytokines

Question 3

In a healthy person (without chronic illnesses), the release of cortisol typically ____**____ an inflammatory response.

Answer 3

decreases

Question 4

Chronic stress can contribute to poor health, especially diseases that involve chronic inflammation. One reason for this is because ….

a) the sympathetic nervous system directly innervates lymph nodes
b) cytokines released by phagocytes suppress the activity of microglia cells
c) cytokines released by phagocytes can pass the blood -brain-barrier
d) glucocorticoid receptors become less sensitive when cortisol levels are high for a long time

Answer 4

d) glucocorticoid receptors become less sensitive when cortisol levels are high for a long time

Question 5

Cells of the immune system (T-cells, B-cells, phagocytes) can be regulated by the stress hormone

A) Cortisol
B) Epinephrine
C) Norepinephrine
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
F) B and C only

Answer 5

D) All of the above

Question 6

Genes, Stress, Behavior

Which of the following neurotransmitters and/or hormones would be broken down by the enzyme MAO (mono amine oxidase)?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Cortisol
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
F) B and C only

Answer 6

B) Norepinephrine

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT an outcome for rats that had experiences early life stress (by being separated from their mothers).

a) deceased release of serotonin
b) increased activation of the locus ceruleus
c) decreased activation of the central CRF system
d) deceased size of the hippocampus

Answer 7

c) decreased activation of the central CRF system

Question 8

When the offspring of stress-reactive rats were raised by nurturing mothers, the rat pups grew up to be…..

a) hyper-reactive in their stress response (suggesting that being raised by a non-genetic mother was stressful for the rats)

b) normal in their stress responses (suggesting the combination of genetic and environmental influences averaged out)

c) stress-resistant (suggesting early experience was most influential on their stress response)

d) stress-reactive (suggesting genetics was most influential on their stress-response)

Answer 8

c) stress-resistant (suggesting early experience was most influential on their stress response)

Question 9

Research by Caspi et al, found that people who have ________ serotonin transporter gene were more vulnerable to developing depression after stressful experiences.

a) Two copies of the long form

b) both the short and long form

c) an active version of their mother’s

d) Two copies of the short form

Answer 9

d) Two copies of the short form

Question 10

Caspi et al studied how genetics and experiences interact. In one study they found people who had experienced poor treatment as children were more likely to have a history of antisocial and criminal behavior if they had genes for….

a) The Type 2 glucocorticoid receptor
b) Beta adrenergic receptor (instead of the alpha receptor)
c) An low efficiency MAO enzyme
d) A high efficiency serotonin transporter

Answer 10

c) An low efficiency MAO enzyme