Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal > Exam 4: Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Exam 4: Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

DSMV Diagnosis

A

enduring pattern of inner experience and behabior, pattern shown in 2+ areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, impulse control; often seek therapy for something other than personality disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prevalence

A

9-13%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inter-rater Reliability

A

.69-.97 depending on disorder; definitiosn got more specific and structured interviews were developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stability of Disorders

A

test-retest reliability varies; not as stable as DSM suggests
highly stable: antisocial
low: schizotypal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Comorbidity

A

50% qualify for another PD; 2/3 meet criteria for another disorder at somepoint in their lifetime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cluster A

A

odd/eccentric behaviors, emotionally detatched, extreme forms overlap with psychotic disorders, more common in males, rarely seek treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cluster B

A

dramatic/erratic behaviors, fragile ego/sense of self, attention-seeking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cluster C

A

anxious/fearful behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paranoid

A

pervasive, unwanted suspiciousness, pathological jealousy, appear cold, serious and devious, lack tender feelings and sense of humor, do not have close relationships, often have difficulties working; Cluster A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Schizoid

A

withdrawn, detatched, reclusive, lacking humor, flat affect, indifferent to praise/criticism, little desire for relationships; Cluster A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Schizotypal

A

oddities of thought/speech/behavior/perception, loose associations, suspiciousness, lacking social skills, socially isolated, often seen as weak form of schizophrenia; Cluster A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Histronic

A

f>m, overly reactive/dramatic, intensely expressive, behaviors and relationships for attention rather than intimacy, seen as manipulative, often ends up in therapy; Cluster B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Narcissistic

A

extreme sense of self-importance and uniqueness, sense of entitlement, expect favors, constant need for attention, grandiose, might exploit others, not much empathy/concern for others, envious of others or thinks others are envious of them; Cluster B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Borderline Personality

A

f>m, (hispanics f=m and higher overall rate), instability in moods, self-image, impulsivity, relationship problems, percieved as manipulative, seems to wish for relationships but denies doing so, “you’re wonderful/you’re horrible” pattern, fear of abandonment, self-harm tendencies, some genetic component, Cluster B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antisocial

A

m>f, associate with crime and violence, often violate other’s rights, long history of inappropriate behavior, often diagnosed with conduct disorder before 15, pathological lying, no remorse, do not care about others, difficulty maintaining job, careless with money, no sense of responsibility, reckless behavior, may mistreat/abuse others, manipulative, self-centered, relationship problems, rarely seek treatment; Cluster B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Avoidant

A

m=f, strong fear of rejection, desire intimacy but have few relationshis, need guarantee of unconditional acceptance, avoid social interaction, low-self esteem, anxious, sensitive, restrict activities; Cluster C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dependent

A

f>m, clingy, obedient, fear of separation/abandonment, ongoing need to be taken care of, feel distressed, lonely, sad, lack of belief/confidence that they can function independently; Cluster C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive

A

m>f, intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, control, no flexibility or openness, insist others do things their own way, do not seek treatment unless lifestyle is threatened; Cluster C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Seeking Treatment

A

many people with personality disorders do not seek treatment unless it is at someone else’s insistance - don’t believe they need to make changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Paranoid: Psychodymanic Theory

A

demanding parents, distant/rigid father, over controlling/rejecting mothers. One view is that patients view environment as hostile as result of their parents’ persistently unreasonable demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Paranoid: Cognitive Theory

A

hold broad maladaptive assumptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Paranoid: Biological Theory

A

genetic cause. Twin studies in Australia, one twin suspicious, other twin had likelihood. But also could be caused by similar environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Paranoid: Object Relations Treatment

A

work with patient’s deep wish for a satisfying relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Paranoid: Self-therapists

A

help clients reestablish self-cohesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Paranoid: Behavioral Therapy

A

therapists help individual to master anxiety-reduction techniques and to improve skills at solving interpersonal problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Paranoid: Cognitive Therapy

A

therapist guide to develop more realistic interpretations of other’s words/actions and to become aware of other’s points of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Schizoid: Psychodymanic Theory

A

has roots in unsatisfied need for human contact, parents are unaccepting/abusive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Schizoid: Cognitive Theory

A

deficiencies in thinking. Thoughts are empty/vague/without meaning. Unable to pick up emotional cues and unable to process them. Children will develop language/motor skills slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Schizoid: CBT

A

Cognitive – present clients with list of emotions to think about/ remember pleasurable experience
Behavioral – teaching social skills using role play, exposure techniques, and homework assignments.
Also use group therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Schizotypal: Theories

A

family conflict, disorders in parents, deficits in attentions, short-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Schizotypal: Biological Theory

A

high activity of NE, enlarged ventricles, smaller temporal lobes, loss of grey matter

32
Q

Schizotypal: Comorbidity

A

MDD

33
Q

Schizotypal: CBT

A

help client reconnect with world, recognize limits of thinking/powers. Increase social contacts
Cognitive – teach clients to evaluate unusual thoughts, perceptions objectively and try to ignore inappropriate ones.
Behavioral – speech lesson, social skills training, help clients blend in and feel more comfortable.

34
Q

Histronic: Psychodymanic Theory

A

children experienced unhealthy relationships in which cold and controlling parents left the feeling unloved and afraid of abandonment. To defend against fears of loss, individuals learned to behave dramatically, inventing crises that would require others to act protectively

35
Q

Histronic: Cognitive Theory

A

lack of substance and extreme suggestibility found in people with histrionic personality disorder. Individuals become less and less interested in knowing about the world at large because they are so self-focused. Rely on other people to provide them direction. Think they are helpless so rely on others to meet their needs

36
Q

Histronic: Sociocultural Theory

A

produced by cultural norms/ expectations

37
Q

Histronic: Therapy

A

cognitive and psychodynamic; try to change belief that they are helpless, push towards more deliberate ways of thinking. Try to make patients realize own excessive dependency; pretend to have a lot of symptoms to hard for therapists. They seek treatment on own (for attention). Therapists must remain objective.

38
Q

Narcissistic: Psychodynamic

A

cold rejecting parents. spend lives defending against feelings unsatisfied, rejected, unworthy, wary of world. Believe that they are perfect to cope, while wanting admiration from others. Grandiose self-image as way to convince themselves they are self-sufficient without need of warm relationships with parents or anyone else.

39
Q

Narcissistic: Cognitive/Behavioral Theory

A

people are treated too positively. Repeatedly reward themselves for minor accomplishments.

40
Q

Narcissistic: Sociocultural Theory

A

family values/social ideals in certain societies periodically break down, producing generations of youth who are self-centered/materialistic.

41
Q

Narcissistic: Psychodymanic Treatment

A

help people recognize and work through basic insecurities/ defenses

42
Q

Narcissistic: Cognitive Therapy

A

redirect client’s focus to opinions of others, reach them to interpret criticism more rationally, increase ability to empathize.

43
Q

Narcissistic: Treatment Success

A

No treatment has had much success, patients do not recognize need for treatment or value of treatment. Try to manipulate therapists.

44
Q

Borderline: Psychodynamic Theory

A

early lack of acceptance by parents lead to loss of self-esteem, increased dependence, inability to cope with separation. Research indicates early sexual abuse.

45
Q

Borderline: Biological Theory

A

overly reactive amygdala, underactive prefrontal cortex, lower serotonin activity (abnormality in 5-HTT gene).

46
Q

Borderline: Biosocial (diathesis-stress)

A

combination of internal forces (difficulty identifying/controlling emotions/abnormal neurotransmitter) and external forces (environment in which child’s emotions are punished, ignored).

47
Q

Borderline: Psychoanalytic Treatment

A

traditional doesn’t work because patients take it as insults, don’t think they have enough attention with free association. Relational psychoanalytic theory therapist take more supportive/egalitarian posture, they work to provide empathic setting within which patients can explore central relationship disturbance, poor sense of self, pervasive loneliness/emptiness.

48
Q

Borderline: Dialectical Behavior Therapy

A

acceptance and change (that is: accepting yourself and that there is a reason for what you did, but that you need to change the behavior because it isn’t working well for you; starts by addressing harmful behaviors, then behaviors that interfere with therapy; based on cognitive/behavioral technique such as homework assignments, psych education, teaching of social skills, modeling, goal setting, reinforcements for appropriate behavior, collaborative examination of thinking with client and patient. Empathize with patients. Works in groups. Most supported treatment. Patients deal better with stress, more appropriate social skills. Fewer suicide symptoms/ hospitalization.

49
Q

Borderline: Comorbidity

A

high comorbidity with with anxiety, PTSD, depression, eating disorder, substance abuse

50
Q

Antisocial: Comorbidity

A

substance abuse

51
Q

Antisocial: Psychodynamic Theory

A

absence of parental love during infancy, leading to lack of basic trust. Children become emotionally distant. Bond with others through use of destructiveness and power. Evidence is people who have it had family stress (violence, poverty, conflict, divorce)

52
Q

Antisocial: Behavioral Theory

A

antisocial symptoms may be learned through modeling/imitation. Higher rate are found with people whose parents has it as well. Another theory, parents reward aggressive behavior.

53
Q

Antisocial: Cognitive Theory

A

hold attitudes that trivialize importance of other people’s needs. Have genuine difficulty recognizing point of view of others.

54
Q

Antisocial: Biological Theory

A

low serotonin level, deficient functioning in frontal lobe, people have less anxiety (vital for learning, people with disorder have low arousal in presence of stress, linked with tuning out threatening/emotional situations.)

55
Q

Antisocial: Cognitive Treatment

A

teaches patients to think about moral issues and about the needs of other peoples; typically ineffective because patients do not want to change

56
Q

Antisocial: Biological Treatment

A

atypical, antipsychotics drugs (not supported)

57
Q

Avoidant: Psychodynamic Theory

A

focus on general sense of shame, early bowel/bladder incidents. If parents punish, child gets negative self-image, and will distrust love of others

58
Q

Avoidant: Cognitive Theory

A

harsh criticism/ rejection I nearly childhood leads to think environment always judges and thinks badly of them. Individuals expect rejections, misinterpret positive feedback, fear social involvements

59
Q

Avoidant: Behavioral Theory

A

fail to develop normal social skills, failure helps maintain disorder. Deficits result from avoiding social situations.

60
Q

Avoidant: Psychodynamic Treatment

A

help clients recognize and resolve unconscious conflict that may be operating

61
Q

Avoidant: Cognitive Treatment

A

help change distressing beliefs and thoughts, carry on in face of painful emotions, and improve self-image

62
Q

Avoidant: Behavioral Treatment

A

provide social skills training as well as exposure treatments that require people to gradually increase social contact; group therapy is helpful

63
Q

Avoidant: Biological Treatment

A

Antianxiety/antidepressants reduce social anxiety but symptoms may return when medication is stopped

64
Q

Dependent: Psychodynamic Theory

A

unresolved conflicts during oral state gives rise to lifelong need for nurturance. Early parental loss. Rejection man prevent normal experience of attachment and separation. Some say parents are overprotective, so children become more dependent

65
Q

Dependent: Behavioral Theory

A

parents unintentionally reward clinging behavior while pushing acts of independence away. Or Parents’ own dependent behavior modeled by kids.

66
Q

Dependent: Cognitive Theory

A

two maladaptive thoughts: (1) inadequate and helpless to deal with world (2) must find person to provide protection so I can cope. Also (3) if I am to be dependent, I must be completely helpless.

67
Q

Dependent: CBT

A

place all well-being on clinician. Must make clients accept responsibility; help take control of lives
Behavioral – therapists often provide assertiveness training
Cognitive – help clients challenge and change assumptions of incompetence and helplessness

68
Q

Dependent: Drug Treatments

A

• Anti-depressants drug therapy good for personality disorder accompanied by depression

69
Q

Dependent: Group Therapy

A

good for support from number of peers, can serve as models for each other

70
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive: Psychodymanic Theory

A

anal regressive, overaly harsh toile training, become angry and get fixated. Struggles with parents over control and independent ignite aggressive impulses

71
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive: Cognitive Theory

A

illogical thinking processes keep OCPD going. People with disorder tend to misread/ exaggerate potential outcomes of errors

72
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive: Psychodynamic Treatment

A

help recognize and accept underlying feelings/insecurities

73
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive: Cognitive Treatment

A

focus on changing “all-or-nothing” thinking, perfectionism, chronic worrying

74
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive: Medication

A

Respond well to SSRIs but no research yet.

75
Q

Personality Traits: The Big Five

A 
Neuroticism
Extroversion
Openness to experience
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness

Abnormal (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions