EXAM 4 P3 Flashcards

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1
Q

consequences of disrupting gut flora

A

poor nutritional absorption and pathogen invasion

improper immune function, causing autoimmune disorders (asthma)

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2
Q

microflora of the skin

A

first line of defense
its dry, acidic, and salty conditions are not good for microbial growth
associated with anaerobes that grow in hair follicles and sebaceous fluids

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3
Q

what can cause flora to change

A

the weather, age, and hygiene

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4
Q

what is the predominant class of skin flora

A

gram positive cocci

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5
Q

residents of the upper respiratory tract/oral cavities

A

transient organisms get trapped in the mucus membrane (breathing) and are expelled (snot, sneeze)
common micro flora are gram positive cocci

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6
Q

lower respiratory tract

A

relatively sterile area
airborne and inhaled organisms are trapped in the upper tract and removed by ciliated epithelium
cough reflex and alveolar macrophages

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7
Q

microflora of the gastrointestinal tract

A

majority of microbes are located here

change with age

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8
Q

in what direction does pH increase

A

from the esophagus to the colon
inverse relationship to O2
stomach is extremely acidic (pH 2)

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9
Q

helicobacter

A

rare organism that grows in the stomach
survives pH2 environment
is a spirochete, good at moving through viscous fluid
can burrow into the mucous membrane lining of the stomach and modifies the environment to increase pH

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10
Q

damage due to helicobacter

A

damages human tissue, causing ulcers

can lead to gastric cancer if left untreated

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11
Q

Bacteroides

A

most abundant in the colon
positive, good at degrading complex polysaccharides found in fiber and grains
if they get into the peritoneal space, it can cause abscess and infection

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12
Q

Escherichia

A

aka E. coli

commonly used to track contamination (fecal in water)

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13
Q

methanobrevibacter

A

rare archaea

thano makes it a methanogen, producing methane (an odorless gas)

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14
Q

C difficile

A

number 1 hospital infection in the U.S.
normal gut inhabitant for most people
antibiotics can disrupt normal flora and allow it to spread. it becomes more resistant and can disrupt the colon

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15
Q

colitis

A

caused by an abundance of C difficile
aka mega colon
serious infection that can be fatal
to cure it, add more antibiotics to decrease the C diff population. is now a race to see is the normal flora will grow back first or the diff
most often C diff since it produces spores

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16
Q

probiotics

A

can repopulate the gut and prevent C diff from taking over and allowing normal flora to recover

17
Q

fecal transplant therapy

A

first treated with antibiotics
fecal matter is collected by a donor, but in a blender with saline, and delivered to the colon.
cures 95% of C. diff infections
the other person may have viruses or bacteria that don’t both them, but may bother you unknowingly

18
Q

beneficial functions of GI microflora

A
vitamin synthesis (thiamine, K, B12)
gas production (CO2, CH4, H2)
odor production (H2S, NH#)
organic acid production (acetic, butyric)
glycosidase reactions
steroid metabolism (bile acids)
19
Q

what do bile acids do

A

break up fats and oils into a more soluble state

20
Q

genitourinary flora

A

upper urethra and bladder are generally sterile. flushing action of urine keep the bladder clear
UTI or bladder infections

21
Q

anterior urethra

A

closest to the exit of the body (anus). can be colonized with gram negative organisms like E. coli. most don’t move up very far, but ones that do cause UTIs and kidney infections.

22
Q

women’s urethra

A

shorter than men’s

more susceptible to UTI

23
Q

vagina

A

flora of the vagina is one region that changes with age and physiological state
pre puberty and after menopause has streptococci and enterobacteria
during fertile years, pH is lowered and you find lactobacilli

24
Q

capsules

A

extracellular polysaccharides

some bacteria produce specific proteins that will bind to the surface of a human cell.

25
Q

fimbriae

A

short, highly abundant filaments on the surface of the cell

fixed and produce a lot of sticky surface area

26
Q

pili

A

retractable

bind to something and retract to pull the other surface closer

27
Q

puncture wounds

A

can disrupt O2 flow and allow things to grow (infection)