EXAM 3 P6 Flashcards
Barbara McClintock
discovered transposable elements in the 1940s
transposable elements
segments of DNA that are always inserted within another DNA molecule, but never exist as free pieces of linear DNA
have the ability to jump
antibiotic resistance genes are frequently found in transposons
insertion sequences (IS)
ubiquitous, found in all species
consists of the tnp gene with inverted repeats and terminal repeats.
tnp gene
encodes a transposase, the enzyme that cuts the DNA at the ends of the transposon and drives the process of jumping
conservative transposition
transposons exact piece of DNA moves without being replicated and is conserved entirely
is lost from the donor, making it more linear
aka “cut and paste”
replicative transposition
the target site is duplicated and the transposon is replicated, making 2 copies present
transposon insertion mutagenesis
putting several kbp of foreign DNA into the middle of a gene always destroys the genes functions
genome sizes
1 mega base = 1000 genes, 1 gene per 1000 base pairs
smaller genomes
live in a more consistent environment
less metabolic diversity
greater % genomes for housekeeping functions
larger genomes
need a more variable environment
structural genomics
figuring out what is in a genome. first determine the DNA sequence, then figure out where the genes are.
look for start/stop codons
housekeeping functions
include transcription, translation, and replication
functional genomics
trying to measure and quantify what genes are being expressed under specific conditions
transcriptome
set of genes that is transcribed under a particular set of growth conditions. or, a set of RNA molecules in the cell under a set of conditions
proteomics
the set of proteins in the cell under a particular set of environmental conditions
