Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment > Exam 4 - Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the musculoskeletal system

A 
Support - to stand erect
Movement
Protect inner organs
Produce blood cells
Reservoir - stores essential minerals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Immovable joints

A

Fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Example of a fibrous joint

A

Sutures of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Joints that are separated by fibrocartilaginous discs and are only slightly movable

A

Cartilaginous joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Synovial joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Components of a synovial joint

A 
Joint cavity lined with synovial membrane 
Synovial fluid
Cartilage
Surrounded by fibrous capsule
Supported by ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

Bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a bursa?

A

Enclosed sac filled with synovial fluid, much like a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of areas with bursa

A

Shoulder

Knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

Skeletal muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is flexion?

A

Bending a limb at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is extension?

A

Straightening a limb at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is abduction?

A

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is adduction?

A

Moving a limb toward the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is pronation?

A

Turning the forearm so the palm is down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is supination?

A

Turning the forearm so the palm is up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is inversion?

A

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is eversion?

A

Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is rotation?

A

Moving the head around a central axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is protraction?

A

Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is retraction?

A

Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is elevation?

A

Raising a body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is depression?

A

Lowering a body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How many sacral vertebrae?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae?

A

3 or 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is the spinous process?

A

C7 and T1 - base of neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where is the inferior angle of the scapula?

A

Interspace between T7 and T8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Imaginary line connecting the highest point on each iliac crest crosses which vertebrae?

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

An imaginary line joining the two symmetric dimples that overlie the posterior and superior iliac spines crosses where?

A

The sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What happens if compression of a nucleus pulposus becomes too great?

A

The disc can rupture and the nucleus pulposus can herniate out of the vertebral column,
compressing on the spinal nerves and causing pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Function of cartilage

A

Covers surface of opposing bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is bursitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which joint, the shoulder or hip, has a wider range of motion?

A

Shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why doesn’t the hip have as much ROM as the shoulder?

A

The hip is a more stable joint because it needs to bear weight

39
Q

What causes the hip to be stable?

A

Powerful muscles spread over the joint
Strong fibrous articulate capsule
Very deep insertion of head of femur

40
Q

Muscles of the hip

A

Anterior flexor (iliopsoas)
Posterior extensor (gluteus Maximus)
Adductor muscles that swing the thigh toward midline
Abductor muscles that swing it away

41
Q

How many bursae in hip?

A

3

42
Q

Palpable structures in hip

A

Entire iliac crest
Ischial tuberosity
Greater trochanter

43
Q

What produces movement of muscle?

A

Contraction

44
Q

What is skeletal muscle composed of?

A

Muscle fibers (fasciculi) and tendons

45
Q

Difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

A

OA is worse in PM

RA is worse in AM

46
Q

What is the most common musculoskeletal concern?

A

Joint pain and loss of function

47
Q

What increases most joint pain? And when is there an exception to this?

A

Movement

Except with rheumatoid arthritis

48
Q

What is myalgia?

A

Usually felt as cramping or aching of muscles

49
Q

What is functional assessment?

A

Screens the safety of independent living, the need for home health services, and quality of life

50
Q

What environmental hazards could pose risk?

A

Heavy liftin
Repetitive motion
Chronic stress to joints

51
Q

What is the difference between a screening musculoskeletal examination and a complete musculoskeletal examination?

A

Screening assesses the function for ADLs and checks for abnormalities. Normally adequate for most patients

Complete musculoskeletal examination is for people with articulate disease, history of musculoskeletal symptoms, or problems with ADLs

52
Q

Order of examination for musculoskeletal system

A

Inspection
Palpation
Range of motion
Muscle strength testing

53
Q

How do you perform muscle strength testing?

A

By applying opposing force to muscles

54
Q

What is a fracture

A

Break in bone

55
Q

What is dislocation?

A

Completely loss of contact between two bones

56
Q

What is subluxation?

A

Two bones in a joint stay in contact, but alignment is off

57
Q

What is contracture?

A

Shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of joint

58
Q

What is ankylosis?

A

Stiffness or fixation of a joint

59
Q

What is active ROM?

A

Patient moving independently

What you should ask patient to do first

60
Q

What is passive ROM?

A

Patient relaxes muscles while you move the body part for them
Should be done if pt is unable to move independently

61
Q

What is limited range of motion?

A

Reduction in normal distance and direction through which a joint can move
When a joint does not move fully and easily in its normal manner

62
Q

How is muscle strength graded during muscle testing?

A 
5 = full ROM against gravity, full resistance
4 = full ROM against gravity, some resistance
3 = full ROM with gravity
2 = full ROM with gravity eliminated
1 = slight contraction
0 = no contraction
63
Q

Where is the TMJ?

A

Area just anterior to the ear

64
Q

How do you palpate the TMJ?

A

Have patient open and close mouth

Note smooth motion of mandible

65
Q

What is a variation of normal in TMJ?

A

Audible and palpable snap or click as mouth opens

66
Q

What is cracking or popping of a joint called? (Spelling)

A

Crepitus

67
Q

What should you tell a pt who has a crepitus TMJ?

A

Avoid chewing gum or eating hard to chew foods

68
Q

How should you inspect the cervical spine?

A

Check alignment of head and neck
Spine should be straight and head should be erect
Pt should be able to move head and neck independently

69
Q

What should you palpate in the cervical spine?

A

Spinous processes
Sternomastoid
Trapezius
Paravertebral muscles

70
Q

What should cervical spine muscles feel like?

A

Firm
No muscle spasm
No tenderness

71
Q

What should you do while checking ROM of shoulders?

A

Cup one hand over shoulder to note any crepitus

72
Q

How should you test muscle strength of shoulders?

A

Have pt shrug shoulders against resistance

73
Q

How should you test muscle strength of elbow?

A

Stabilize arm with one hand

Have pt flex elbow against resistance applied just proximal to wrist

74
Q

How should you palpate wrists and hands?

A

Palpate each joint
Palpate metacarpopharyngeal joints with each thumb
Palpate sides of interphalangeal joints

Pt should have no pain

75
Q

How should you test muscle strength of wrist and hands?

A

Forearm supinated
Stabilize
Ask pt to flex wrist against resistance at palm

76
Q

What does phalen’s test test for?

A

Carpal tunnel

77
Q

How do you have pt perform Phalen’s test?

A

Hold both hands back to back while flexing wrist 90 degrees

Acute flexion for 60 seconds

78
Q

What are normal vs abnormal results of a phalen’s test and what do they mean?

A

Normal: no symptoms = no carpal tunnel
Abnormal: numbness and burning = carpal tunnel

79
Q

What does Tinel’s sign test for?

A

Carpal tunnel

80
Q

How do you perform Tinel’s sign?

A

Direct percussion of median nerve at wrist

81
Q

Normal vs abnormal results of Tinel’s sign

A

No symptoms = normal

Burning and tingling = carpal tunnel

82
Q

Tests that assess for carpal tunnel

A

Phalen’s test

Tinel’s sign

83
Q

How should you assess muscle strength in a patients ankles and feet?

A

Ask person to maintain dorsiflexion (toes to nose) and plantar flexion (toes down) against your resistance

84
Q

How should you inspect the spine?

A

Is the spine straight?
Convex thoracic curve
Concave lumbar curve

85
Q

What should you palpate on patient’s spine?

A

Spinous processes

86
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome caused by? And who gets it?

A

Caused by chronic repetitive motion
Occurs between 40-60 years old
More common in women

87
Q

Symptoms of carpal tunnel

A

Pain
Nighttime pain
Burning and numbness
Often atrophy of thenar muscles

88
Q

What is degenerative joint disease also called?

A

Osteoarthritis

89
Q

Symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

Stiffness and swelling
Hard bony protuberances
Pain with motion
Limitation of motion

90
Q

What is an ingrown toenail? What causes it?

A

Toenail does not grow in, soft tissue grows over nail
Can become infected when nail grows and corner penetrates the soft tissue

Caused by trimming nail too short or toe crowding in tight shoes

91
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

An enhanced thoracic curve

Common in aging people

92
Q

What is lordosis?

A

And pronounced lumbar curve

Common in obese people

93
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature of thoracic and lumbar segments of spine
Usually with some rotation involved
Can be functional (visible only when standing)
Or structural (visible when standing and bending)

Health Assessment (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions