Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Assessment > Exam 3 - Nose, Mouth, & Throat > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Nose, Mouth, & Throat Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the nose

A

Warms and moistens, filters inhaled air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contained in nasal cavity

A

Vibrissae (nose hairs)

Nasal mucosa which is red b/c of rich blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Divides nasal cavity medially

A

Septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is contained in the septum

A

Kiesselbach plexus (nose bleeds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of turbinates

A

Increase surface area to better warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cleft under each turbinate

A

Superior, middle, or inferior meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are olfactory receptors?

A

Hair cells

Receptors for smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do olfactory receptors merge into?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the vestibule located?

A

Just inside each nare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Divides the two nares and is continuous inside with the nasal septum

A

Columella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lateral outside wing of nose on each side

A

Ala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of paranasal sinuses

A

Lighten the weight of the skull
Resonators for sound production
Provide mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are the frontal sinuses located?

A

Frontal bone, above and medial to orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the maxillary sinuses located?

A

In the maxilla (cheek bone), along side of nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the ethmoid sinus located?

A

Between orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the sphenoid sinus located?

A

Deep in skull, in sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which paranasal sinuses are palpable?

A

Frontal

Maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which paranasal sinuses are present at birth

A

Maxillary

Ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of tongue

A

Enhances functions in mastication, swallowing, teeth cleansing, speech formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Larger papillae in inverted V shape at posterior base of tongue

A

Gallate papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Midline fold of tissue that connects tongue to floor of mouth

A

Frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the pairs of salivary glands

A

Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

Parotid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Smallest salivary gland

A

Sublingual gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Salivary gland located beneath mandible at angle of jaw

A

Submandibular gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Salivary gland that lies beneath floor of mouth, under tongue

A

Sublingual gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Salivary gland located within the cheeks, in front of ear

A

Parotid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Duct for parotid gland and where does it open?

A

Stensen gland

Opens on buccal mucosa, opposite the second molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Duct for submandibular gland and where is it located?

A

Wharton duct

Opens at floor of mouth, on either side of frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where are the sublingual gland openings?

A

Many small openings along sublingual fold, under tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Separated from mouth by anterior tonsillar pillar (fold of tissue on each side)

A

Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What do tonsils look like?

A

Masses of lymphoid tissue

Granular with deep crypts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Behind tonsils, some small blood vessels may be visible

A

Posterior pharyngeal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a bifid uvula?

A

Uvula split partially or completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Bony ridge in midline of hard palate

A

Torus palatines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Benign, milky, bluish-white opaque appearance of buccal mucosa. Commonly occurs in African Americans

A

Leukoedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Who are dental caries more common in?

A 
Rural residents
Minorities
Older adults
Pregnant women
Homeless
Low income
Institutionalized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is poor oral health associated with?

A 
Diabetes
Coronary artery disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Metabolic syndrome
(Possibly due to chronic inflammation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is perio caused by?

A

Chronic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is perio linked to and why?

A

Type 2 diabetes

Chronic elevated blood glucose levels result in gingival inflammation, which leads to gingivitis and perio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What causes oral cancer

A

Smoking
Alcohol
HPV

43
Q

Name for runny nose?

A

Rhiorrhea

44
Q

What causes rhinorrhea?

A

Colds
Allergies
Sinus infection
Trauma

45
Q

What causes sinus pain?

A

Up to 90% of pts with viral URI have viral sinusitis, which resolves without antibiotics

46
Q

Why is it important to know about trauma to nose?

A

Could cause deviated septum, which could cause nares to be obstructed

47
Q

What causes epistaxis?

A

Occurs with trauma, vigorous nose blowing, foreign body

48
Q

What should someone do if they have a nose bleed?

A

Side with head tilted forward

Pinch soft part of nose above nostrils for 10-15 min

49
Q

Allergies caused by pollen

A

Seasonal

50
Q

Allergies caused by dust

A

Perennial

51
Q

What could diminish smell?

A

Cigarette smoking
Chronic allergies
Aging

52
Q

How to test the patency of nostrils

A

Push each nostril shut and ask pt to sniff

Absence of sniff = obstruction (due to cold, nasal polyps, or rhinitis)

53
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Nasal mucosa swollen and bright red with URI

54
Q

What does nose discharge look like and when is it common

A

Common with rhinitis and sinusitis

Varies from watery and copious to thick, purulent, and green-yellow

55
Q

What does nose mucosa look like with allergies?

A

Mucosa swollen, boggy, pale, and gray

56
Q

What does a deviated septum look like?

A

Looks like a hump or shelf in one nasal cavity

57
Q

If can see a spot of light shining in other naris

A

Perforation

58
Q

Where does epistaxis come from?

A

Anterior septum

59
Q

What are polyps?

A

Benign growths that accompany chronic allergy

60
Q

What do polys look like?

A

Smooth, pale gray, avascular, mobile, nontender

61
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

Small boil in nose, appears red and swollen

62
Q

Which turbinates will be visible with speculum and what will they look like?

A

Middle and inferior

Same light red color as nasal mucosa

63
Q

When would a pt have tender sinus areas while palpating?

A

With chronic allergies or an acute infection

64
Q

How can you determine if pt has sinusitis

A

Have them bend over to check for focal pain

65
Q

What is sinusitis?

Treatment?

A

Inflamed infected sinus areas, following URI

Usually viral and do not need antibiotics

66
Q

In light-skinned people, what does circumoral pallor mean?

A

Shock

Anemia

67
Q

In light-skinned people, what does cyanosis on lips mean?

A

Hypoxemia and chilling

68
Q

In light-skinned people, what do cherry red lips mean?

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

69
Q

In light skinned people, what does acidosis on lips mean?

A

Aspirin poisoning or ketoacidosis

70
Q

Cracking at the corners of the mouth

A

Chelitis

71
Q

What could an enlarged tongue indicate?

A

Hypothyoidism

72
Q

What could a small tongue indicate?

A

Accompanies malnutrition

73
Q

What causes deep fissures in tongue?

A

Occurs with dry mouth due to dehydration or fever

74
Q

What causes decreased saliva?

A

Occurs with anticholinergic and other meds

75
Q

What causes increased saliva/drooling?

A

Occur with gingivostomatitis and Parkinson disease

76
Q

High risk areas for oral squamous cell cancer

A

Lateral and ventral tongue and floor of mouth

77
Q

When should a pt have a lesion or ulcer further investigated

A

If it lasts over 2 weeks

78
Q

What is an indurated area?

A

May be a mass or lymphadenopathy and must be investigated

79
Q

What is leukoplakia?

What causes it?

A

Chalky white and does not scrape off.

Precancerous from chronic irritation of smoking or alcohol use

80
Q

If pt has dappled down patches on buccal mucosa

A

Present with Addison disease (chronic adrenal insufficiency)

81
Q

If pt’s stensen duct is red

A

Mumps

82
Q

If pt has Koplik spots

A

Early warning sign of measles

83
Q

What are Fordyce granules

A

Sebaceous cysts

Small isolated white or yellow papules on cheek, tongue, and lips

84
Q

What is an aphthous ulcer? What does it look like? What is it associated with?

A

Canker sore
Vesicle that turns into “punched out” ulcer with white base, surrounded by red halo
Associated with stress, fatigue, food allergy

85
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

White, cheesy, curd like patch on buccal mucosa and tongue

Does scrape off, red under

86
Q

If pt has yellow hard palate

A

Jaundice

87
Q

Most common early lesion in people with AIDS

A

Oral kaposi sarcoma

88
Q

What indicates nerve damage to CN X

A

If uvula has any deviation to one side or absent movement

89
Q

If uvula deviates to side or movement is absent, what nerve is possibly damaged? What conditions could this mean?

A

Damage to CN X
Poliomyelitis
Diphtheria

90
Q

By looking at tonsils, how can you tell if pt has an acute infection?

A

Tonsils bright red and swollen

May have exudate or large white spots

91
Q

If pt has white membrane covering tonsils, what could it be?

A

May accompany infectious mononucleosis
Leukemia
Diphtheria

92
Q

How can you tell if pt has viral pharyngitis when looking at tonsils?

A

Erythematous tonsils
No hypertrophy
No exudates

93
Q

How can you tell if a pt has streptococcal pharyngitis by looking at their tonsils?

A 
Erythematous
Enlarged tonsils
Exudate
Absence of cough
Swollen, tender anterior cervical nodes
94
Q

If pt’s tongue deviates to one side, what can that mean?

A

CN XII damage

95
Q

If pt’s tongue has a tremor, what could it mean?

A

Hyperthyroidism

96
Q

If pt has course tremor in tongue, what could it mean?

A

Cerebral palsy or alcoholism

97
Q

Smooth, glossy tongue

A

Atrophic glossitis

98
Q

If pt has Atrophic glossitis, what could it mean?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Iron deficiency anemia

99
Q

If someone has sweet breath

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

100
Q

If someone has acetone breath

A

Children with malnutrition or dehydration

101
Q

If pt’s breath smells like ammonia

A

Uremia

102
Q

If pt’s breath smells musty

A

Liver disease

103
Q

If pt’s breath is foul, fetid

A

Dental or respiratory infections

104
Q

If pt’s breath is mouselike

A

Diphtheria

Health Assessment (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions