Exam 3 - Head, Neck, & Regional Lymphatics Flashcards
What are the cranial bones?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
What are the cervical vertebrae and what is their function?
C1-C7
Support the cranium
C7 (vertebra prominens) is a useful landmark
Nerve that mediates facial muscles
CN VII
Name the salivary glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Where is the parotid salivary gland?
Cheeks over mandible
Where is the submandibular salivary gland?
Beneath mandible at angle of jaw
Where is the sublingual salivary gland?
Floor of the mouth
Where is the temporal artery and why is it important
Superior to temporalis muscle
Pulsation is palpable anterior to ear
Function of internal carotid artery
Supplies brain
Function of external carotid artery
Supplies face, salivary glands, superficial temporal area
Major neck muscles
Sternomastoid
Trapezius
Where is the sternomastoid located?
Runs from sternum and clavicle, diagonal across neck, to pastors process (behind ear)
Function of sternomastoid muscle
Head rotation and flexion
Divides each side of neck into two triangles; anterior and posterior, which are helpful guidelines when describing findings in the neck
Where is the trapezius muscle located?
Two, on upper back
From occipital bone and vertebrae, extend fanning out to scapula and clavicle
Function of the trapezius muscle
Move shoulders and extend and turn head
Cranial nerve that innervates the major neck muscles
CN XI (spinal accessory)
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Straddles trachea
Function of the thyroid gland
Synthesizes and secretes hormones that stimulate the rate of cellular metabolism: Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
What does the thyroid cartilage look like?
Has a small, palpable V in upper edge = Adam’s apple
Where is the carotid cartilage located?
Beneath thyroid cartilage
Where is the Isthmus of the thyroid gland?
Hugs 2nd and 3rd tracheae rings
What are lymph nodes?
Small, oval clusters of lymphatic tissue that are set at intervals along lymph vessels
Function of lymph nodes
Slowly filter lymph and engulf pathogens
Where are lymph nodes located?
Present throughout the body, but are only palpable in head and neck, arms, axillae, and inguinal regions
List the lymph nodes in order of how you should palpate them
1- Preauricular 2- Posterior auricular 3- Occipital 4- Submental 5- Submandibular 6- Jugulodigastric 7- Superficial cervical 8- Deep cervical 9- Posterior cervical 10- Supraclavicular
Where do all head and neck structures eventually drain?
Into the deep cervical chain
Where is the Preauricular lymph node located?
In front of ear
Where is the posterior auricular (mastoid) lymph node located?
Superficial to mastoid process
Where is the occipital lymph node located?
At base of skull
Where is the Submental lymph node located?
Midline, behind tip of mandible
Where is the submandibular lymph node located?
Halfway between angle and tip of mandible
Where is the Jugulodigastric (tonsillar) lymph node located?
Under angle of mandible
Where is the superficial cervical lymph node located?
On top of sternomastoid muscle
Where is the posterior cervical lymph node located?
In posterior triangle, along edge of trapezius muscle
Where is the supraclavicular lymph node located?
Just above and behind clavicle, at sternomastoid muscle
Function of the lymphatic system
Detects and eliminates foreign substances from body
Gather clear, watery fluid (lymph) from tissue spaces into circulation