Exam 4 Multiple Choice Flashcards
Intravasation is the movement of cancer cells from the primary site
- Into the blood vessels
- Into the lymphatic vessels
The growth of microscopic metastases into macroscopic masses is known as
Colonization
The ability for cancer cells to form a secondary tumor at a site distant from the primary tumor
Is often acquired after micrometasteases have been established
Cells that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition will acquire
All of the above
- Increased invasive ability
- Higher resistance to apoptosis
- Increased motility
- Ability to metastasize
Cells undergoing EMT are most frequently observed
Near the edge of a tumor
Expression of avb6 integrin is often expressed in epithelial cells that are involved in
All of the above
- Chronic Inflammation
- Wound Healing
- EMT
The EMT program is regulated in part by
All of the Above
- NF-kB signaling
- Wnt signaling
- TGF-b signaling
- Stromal Cells
In a mouse model of breast carcinoma in which mouse mammary carcinoma cells were injected orthotopically into mammary tissue, cells in which the transcription factor Twist was knocked down by siRNA
- Formed primary tumors at least rapidly as control cells
- Had reduced metastases to the lungs
Which of the following is NOT true of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
They inhibit tumor cell invasion
Small, focal protrusions from the cell surface that degrade areas of the extracellular matrix are called
Invadopodia
Which of the following proteins must be secreted by tumor cells to drive lymphangiogensis
VEGF-C
Which of the following statements is TRUE
- The circulatory layout may strongly influence the location of metastases
- A tumor’s tendency to metastasize to particular tissues may reflect the tumor cells’ ability to adapt to the microenvironment within those tissues.
Matrix metalloproteinases
Degrade components of the extracellular matrix
The majority of metastases are the result of cancer cell invasion
Through blood vessels
The antigen-binding domains of an antibody molecule are made up of the
Variable domains
The resistance of cancer cells to EGF-R inhibition sometimes occurs as a result of
Amplification of Met
Acute promyeloctyic anemia (APL) has been treated with all-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA), which results in
The differentiation of leukemic cells into neutrophils
Cancer cells may be more susceptible than normal cells to mitotic catastrophe in response to chemotherapeutic drugs because
They may lack key G2/M checkpoint controls
The therapeutic index of an anti-cancer drug is reflective of
- The dosage at which side effects are minimal
- Its selectivity for killing cancer cells over normal cells
The continued requirement of tumor cells for initiating genetic drive for growth and viability is known as
Oncogene addiction
Gleevec has been used to successfully treat patients with CML by targeting
The kinase activity of the Bcr-Abl fusion protein
Velcade has been used to treat patients with myeloma in part because of its inhibition of
NF-kB signaling
In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the tumor cells are surrounded by dense stromal tissue, making drug delivery to cancer cells difficult. Recent studies in mice have shown improved delivery of the drugs gemcitabine and doxorubicin to pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells when concomitantly administered with antagonists of
The hedgehog signaling pathway
Inhibitors of the specific V600E mutant B-Raf protein have been used to treat
Melanoma
