Chapter 2 Lecture

Question 1

Tumors

Answer 1

Arise from normal tissues

Question 2

Metastases

Answer 2

Found traceable back to the tissues of origin

Question 3

Tumors

Answer 3

Arise from many specialized cell types throughout the body

Question 4

Carcinomas

Answer 4

Epithelial cells
a. Human tumors arise here

Question 5

Epithelial Tumors

Answer 5

Come from all germ layers

Question 6

Carcinomas

Answer 6

Cancers of epithelial tissues
1. Two types:
a. Squamous cell carcinoma
b. Adenocarcinoma

Question 7

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 7

From protective layer cells

Question 8

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 8

From secretory cells of epithelia

Question 9

Cancers of hematopoietic tissues

Answer 9

1. Leukemia
2. Lymphomas

Question 10

Leukemias

Answer 10

Cancers of white blood cells

Question 11

Lymphomas

Answer 11

Cancers of B and T Lymphocytes

Question 12

Anaplastic

Answer 12

Tumor of obscure origin
a. Cancer of unknown primary

Question 13

Cancers

Answer 13

Appear to develop progressively

Question 14

Hyperplasia

Answer 14

Minimal deviation but increased numbers

Question 15

Metaplasia

Answer 15

Normal tissue displaced by another type
ex. Barrett’s esophagus: squamous epithelium replaced by secretory epithelial cells

Question 16

Dysplasia

Answer 16

Proliferative cells variable in size and shape

Question 17

Adenomatous Growth

Answer 17

1. Polyps
2. Papilloma
3. Dysplastic growths

Question 18

Invasive Carcinomas

Answer 18

Cells broken through the basement membrane

Question 19

Katsusaburo Yamgawa

Answer 19

First successful induction of cancer
a. repeated application of tar to rabbit ear

Question 20

Ames Test

Answer 20

Gauges for mutagenicity
a. Bruce Ames (1975)

Question 21

Ames Test

Answer 21

1. Procarcinogens converted to actively carcinogenic compounds by chemical modification by liver enzymes ultimate carcinogens