Chapter 3 Lecture Flashcards
Peyton Rous
Launched modern cancer research (1909)
Rous Sarcoma Virus
Tumor found in chicken (female); used to induce tumors in normal chicken
Rous’ Protocol
- Remove sarcoma and break into small chunks of tissue
- Grind up sarcoma with sand
- Collect filtrate
- Inject filtrate into young chicken
- Observe sarcoma in injected chicken
Viruses
- Simple lifestyles
- Models for understanding eukaryotic molecular biology
Rous Sarcoma Virus
Transforms infected cells in culture
a. foci
Transformed cells
- RSV forms foci among normal cells
- Normal cells form a continuous monolayer that stop dividing
a. Confluent due to contact inhibition
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV)
- Presence of RSV is needed to maintain transformation
- Temperature is needed to maintain transformed phenotype
a. 37 degrees C
SV40 Virus
- Protein capsid
- Permissive kidney cells infected by SV40 in lytic cycle
Tumor Viruses
Persist in virus-transformed cells by becoming part of the host-cell genome
Retroviral Genomes
Become integrated into the chromosomes of infected cells
1. Re-infection could not explain the stable of transmission of RSV genomes
2. Discovery of reverse transcriptase and the life cycle of RSV
SRC
The first oncogene
Properties of Transformed Cells
- Altered morphology
- Loss of contact inhibition
- Ability to grow without attachment to solid substrate
- Ability to proliferate indefinitely
- Reduced requirement for mitogenic growth factors
- High saturation density
- Inability to halt proliferation in response to deprivation of growth factors
- Increased transport of glucose
- Tumorigenicity
Src-Specific DNA Probe
Generated to track the integration of src into the cellular genome
a. v-src vs. c-src
Proto-oncogene
Gene involved in normal cell growth
ALV-induced tumors
Insert adjacent to myc oncogene
