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Bio 540 - Biochem > Exam 4 - Lipid Biosynthesis > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Lipid Biosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 4 functions of Lipids?

A

Signaling Molecule

Structure of cell - membranes

Energy Storage

Insulation

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2
Q

Are all FA synthesized in the body?

A

No, some are obtained through our diet

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3
Q

What is the building block for most lipids?

A

Some form of Acetyl CoA

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4
Q

Fatty Acids are long [] chains with a [] group…

A

Hydrocarbon

carboxyl

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5
Q

[] Fats are made from the hydrogenation of cis fats

A

Trans

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6
Q

Palmetic Acid has how many Carbons?

Stearic Acid has how many Carbons?

Oleic Acid has how many Carbons?

A
  • 16
  • 18
  • 20?? - double check this
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7
Q

Why does the body like to pool Free Fatty acids in the body?

A
  • Psyche!
  • The body does not pool free fatty acids because itd be like having a bunch of soap in your body.
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8
Q

Rank in order of energy supply ability?

MAG, TAG, DAG

A

TAG > DAG >MAG

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9
Q

Where is the location of Fatty Acid Synthesis?

A

Cytosol

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10
Q

What are the two types of essential Fatty Acids?

A

Linoleic

Linolenic

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11
Q

FA biosynthesis occurs by sequential [] carbon additions to a growing acyl-chain

Includes a:

[] Molecule

Extender Molecule

A
  1. two carbon
  2. Starter and Extender
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12
Q

Acetly CoA is generated in the [] by breakdown of [], [] and [] ??

A
  1. Mitochondria
  2. AA, FA, Pyruvate
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13
Q

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the two-carbon additions to the growing acyl chain?

A

Fatty Acid Synthase

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14
Q

Is FAS just one enzyme?

A

No, it is a collection of enzymatic activity

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15
Q

What type of reaction is first catalyzed by FAS and what substrates does it use?

A
  • Condensation
  • Involving Acetly-ACP and Malonyl-ACP
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16
Q

What is the first committed step of FA biosynthesis?

A
  • Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase - Adds CO2 to Acetly CoA making Malonly-CoA
  • Requires 1 ATP
17
Q

[] - uses ATP and bicarbonate to catalyze the addition of CO2 ont acetyl CoA forming malonyl-CoA…

Where does this reaction take place?

A

Acetyl -CoA Carboxylase

Cytosol

18
Q

What type of regulation controls ACCase?

A

Covalent modification

19
Q

What are the two basic stages of FA synthesis?

A

Priming

Elongation

20
Q

[] transfers the acetyl group from CoA to ACP

A

Acetyl-CoA-ACP transacylase

21
Q

What does KAS catalyze in the first steps of FAS?

A
  • Transfers the acyl group from the ACP to a Cysteine residue on FAS
22
Q

[] - catalyzes the condensation reaction involving the KAS bound acyl group and the ACP bound malonyl group with release of CO2 (from malonyl group)

A

B-ketoacyl-ACP synthase

23
Q

What are the 4 general reactions of the FAS system?

A
  • Condensation
  • Reduction
  • Dehydration
  • Reduction
24
Q

What does B-ketoacyl-ACP-reductase do in FAS?

A

Reduces the B-keto group to a hydroxyl group using electrons from NADPH

25
Q

[] - removes a water molecule forming an enoyl group

A

B-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase

26
Q

What is the final step of elongation in FAS?

A
  • Reduction of enoyl group using electrons from NADPH to form a four carbon FA - butyryl-ACP
  • Enoyl-ACP reductase
27
Q

How many times must elongation in FAS occur to reach a 16 carbon polmitoyl-ACP?

A

7 times.

28
Q

What “portion” of FAS removes the final carbon chain from the final ACP group so that elongation can continue?

A

KAS

29
Q

This enzyme terminates elongation by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the thioester linkage between the acyl group and ACP?

A

Acyl-ACP Thiesterase

30
Q

How much ATP must be spent to form 1 molecule of palmitic acid?

A
  • 15 ATP
    • 8 ATP for Citrate –> Acetly CoA
    • 7 ATP for Acetyl-CoA –> Malonyl-CoA
  • 14 NADPH
    • 8 from malic enzyme
    • 6 from pentose phosphate pathway
    • 2.5 ATP for each NADPH!
31
Q

What is the difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic FAS?

A
  • Eukaryotic - multifunctional protein
  • Prokaryotic - multicomponent protein complex
32
Q

What are the three fates of Palmitate?

A
  • Elongation
  • Desaturation
  • Hydroxylatiobn
33
Q
  1. Elongation in the mitochondria uses [] - [] long carbons?
  2. This doesn’t use [] acid
A
  1. 10-14 Carbons
  2. Palmitic Acid
34
Q

Where does Palmitic Acid elongation take place?

A

ER and Mitochondria

35
Q

Where does desaturation of Palmitic Acid take place?

A

ER

36
Q

[]-[] fatty acids are produced in mitochondria and nervous tissue

A

alpha-hydroxy

37
Q

De Novo production of additional Fatty Acids

  1. Bulk product of FAS is []
  2. [] chain fatty acids can be made in some secretory glands
  3. [] [] can be formed from acyl-CoA
    1. these are dominate in nervous system []
A
  1. Palmitate
  2. Branched
  3. Fatty Alcohols
    1. membranes

Bio 540 - Biochem (14 decks)

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