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Bio 540 - Biochem > Exam 2 - TCA > Flashcards

Exam 2 - TCA Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is the standard free energy of: Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate = Citrate?
  2. What enzyme catalyzes this reaction?
A
  1. -9 Kcal/mol
  2. Citrate Synthase
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2
Q

What 2 steps release a CO2?

A
  1. Isocitrate –> Alpha-ketoglutarate
  2. Alpha-ketoglutarate –> Succinyl CoA
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3
Q

What type of enzyme is Succinyl CoA synthetase?

Why?

A

Ligase

Because it creates bonds to Carbon using ATP/GTP

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4
Q

What is the only enzyme from the TCA cycle found in the mitochondria inner membrane?

A

Succinate Dehydrogenase

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5
Q
  1. What enzyme catalyzes Fumarate –> Malate
  2. What type of enzyme is this?
  3. What is this reaction’s Free energy value
A
  1. Fumarase
  2. Lyase
  3. +/- 0 ==> Freely reversible
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6
Q

What is the free energy value for Succinate –> Fumarate?

A

+/- 0 ==> freely reversible

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7
Q
  1. What enzyme catalyzes the reaction: Alpha-ketoglutarate –> Succinyl CoA?
  2. What type of enzyme is this>
  3. What is the free energy value of this reaction?
    1. What enzyme does this reaction closely resemble (Hint: not in TCA)
A
  1. Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
  2. Oxidoreductase
  3. -8 kcal/mol
    1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
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8
Q
  1. What enzyme catalyzes the reaction: Isocitrate –> Alpha-ketoglutarate?
  2. What type of enzyme is this?
  3. What is this reaction’s free energy value?
A
  1. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
  2. Oxidoreductase
  3. -5 kcal/mol
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9
Q

Why type of enzyme is Aconitase?

A

Lyase

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10
Q
  1. What enzyme catalyzes the reaction: Citrate –> Isocitrate?
  2. What type of enzyme is this?
  3. What is the free energy value of this reaction?
A
  1. Aconitase
  2. Lyase
  3. +/- 0 => Freely reversible
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11
Q
  1. What enzyme catalyzes the reaction: Malate –> Oxaloacetate>
  2. What type of enzyme is this?
  3. What is the free energy value of this reaction?
A
  1. Malate Dehydrogenase
  2. Oxidoreductase
  3. +6 Kcal/mole!!
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12
Q

In what step of the TCA cycle is a GTP made?

A

Succinyl Coa –> Succinate

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13
Q

How many NADH and FADH2 are made form TCA cycle?

A
  • NADH - 3
  • FADH2 - 1
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14
Q

At what steps are NADHs made during the TCA cycle?

A
  1. Isocitrate –> Alpha-ketoglutarate
  2. Alpha-ketoglutarate –> Succinyl CoA
  3. Malate –> Oxaloacetate
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15
Q

At what step is FADH2 made in the TCA cycle?

A
  1. Succinate –> Fumarate
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16
Q

What is the difference between Cataplerotic and Anaplerotic?

A
  • Cataplerotic - breaking carbon stuff down
  • Anaplertoic - building things with carbon backbone molecules
17
Q

What amino acids are precursors to the following TCA cycle intermediates?

  • Acetyl CoA
  • Pyruvate
  • Oxaloacetate
  • Fumarate
  • Succinyl CoA
  • Alpha - ketoglutarate
A
  • Acetyl CoA - Leucine
  • Pyruvate - alanine
  • Oxaloacetate - aspartate
  • Fumarate - Phenyl alanine, Tyrosine
  • Succinyl CoA - Valine and isoleucine (branched carbon backbones) —> Propionyl CoA
  • Alpha - ketoglutarate - Deaminate Glutamine –> Glutamate
18
Q

How many ATPs do the following high energy molecules “create/are worth?”

NADH

FADH2

Acetyl-CoA

A
  1. NADH - 2.5 ATP
  2. FADH2 - 1.5 ATP
  3. Acetyl-CoA - 10 ATP
19
Q

CoA is a [] carrier molecule

A

Aceyl group

20
Q

What enzyme takes pyruvate and makes Acetyl CoA?

A

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

21
Q

Using Oxygen, what are 3 end-products of pyruvate?

A
  1. Alanine (from transamination)
  2. Oxaloacetate (from carboxylation)
  3. Acetyl CoA (from oxidate decarboxylation)
22
Q

What is the standard free energy value for Pyruvate –> Acetyl CoA?

A

-8 kcal/mol

23
Q
  1. What enzyme catalyzes: Pyruvate –> Acetyl CoA?
  2. What type of “reaction” is this?
  3. What 3 cofactors are required?
A
  1. pyruvate dehydrogenase
  2. Oxidative decarboxylation
  3. Thiamine, Lipoamide, FAD+
24
Q
  1. What does pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase do?
  2. What does pyruvate dehydrogenase phosophatase do?
A
  1. Phosphorylates PDH causing it to be less active
  2. Dephosphorylates PDH causing it to be more active
25
Q

What are the 3 fates of pyruvate in the presence of Oxygen?

A
  1. Transamination to Alanine
  2. Carboxylation to Oxaloacetate
  3. Oxidateve decarboxylation to Acetyl CoA
26
Q

What are the 2 fates of Pyruvate in the abscence of Oxygen?

A
  1. Ethanol
  2. Reduced to Lactate
27
Q

What three cofactors are need for pyruvate dehydrogenase to take pyruvate and form Acetyl CoA?

A
  1. Thiamine pyrophosphate
  2. Lipamide
  3. FAD+
28
Q

Which enzyme Inactivates PDH and which enzyme activates PDH?

A
  • Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase - inactivates
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase Phosophatase - activates
29
Q

What are the cofactors that increase the activity level of PDH Phosphatase?

A

Mg2+

Ca 2+

30
Q

What 2 molecules positively affect PDH Kinase activity?

A
  • NADH
  • Acetyl CoA
31
Q

What 4 molecules negatively affect PDH Kinase activity?

A
  1. CoASH
  2. NAD+
  3. ADP
  4. Pyruvate
32
Q

In Cataplerotic processes what happens to the following TCA intermediates?

  1. Oxaloacetate -
  2. Citrate -
  3. Alpha-ketoglutarate -
  4. Succinyl CoA -
  5. Malate -
A
  1. Oxaloacetate - amino acid synthesis
  2. Citrate - fatty acid syn and sterol syn
  3. Alpha-ketoglutarate - amino acid syn
  4. Succinyl CoA - heme syn
  5. Malate - gluconeogenesis
33
Q

Pyruvate is used by this enzyme, [] , to form oxaloacetate

A

Pyruvate Carboxylase

34
Q
A

Bio 540 - Biochem (14 decks)

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