Exam 4- deviations & gene linkage Flashcards
mendel’s four postulates
expected F2 phenotypic ratio:
3:1
the chi-squared value is measure of the __ ___ between expected and observed values for a set of measurements
total deviation
the chi-square value can tell us ___ ___ our observations are from expected mendelian ratios
how different
our observations do not deviate from the expected ratio (no real difference between our observed values and the predicted values, and any apparent differences can be attributed to random chance
null hypothesis
the more categories you measure, the more ___ you expect due to ___ ___
deviation; random chance
p > (or equal to) 0.05
fail to reject null hypothese
difference is not real
(observed = expected)
p < 0.05
reject null hypothesis
difference is real
mendelian patterns of inheritance and their associated mendelian ratios, depend on certain conditions (4)
genetic phenomenon wherein two genes do not assort independently due to their close physical proximity on a single chromosome
linkage
all possible allelic combinations will occur with ___ ___ in gametes if each gene is located on a different chromosome
equal frequency
two genes on two different homologous pairs of chromosomes
independent assortment
if crossing over did not occur, genes on the same chromosome would never ___ ___
assort independently
the frequency with which “crossover” genotypes are produced depends on how frequently crossing over happens _________
between the two genes
AB and ab
AB or ab
Ab or aB
50% recombinant gametes is the ___ ___
theoretical limit
50% recombinant gametes
crossing over occurs: (2)
the probability that a crossover event occurs between a given pair of genes is proportional to the ___
physical distance between the two genes
genes are close together:
less likely that a crossover will occur between them
complete linkage
unlinked
