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NRSG 110: Med Surg 2 > [Exam 4] Chapter 65: Assessent of Neurologic Function (Page 1946-1962) > Flashcards

[Exam 4] Chapter 65: Assessent of Neurologic Function (Page 1946-1962) Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Nervous System?

A

To control all motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive, and behavioral activites

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2
Q

What does the CNS include?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What does the Peripheral Nervous System include?

A

Cranial and Spinal Nerves

Autonomic (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems) and Somatic Systems

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4
Q

What is the basic functional unit in the nervous system?

A

Neurons

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5
Q

What are neurons composed of?

A

Dendrites, cell body, and axon.

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6
Q

What do Myelin Sheaths do?

A

That nerve impulses transfer quickly and do not get off of their path

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7
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Structures that receive electrochemical messages

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8
Q

What is an axon?

A

Long projection that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body

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9
Q

What do Synaptic Terminals do?

A

They are terminals that have neurotransmitters present .

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10
Q

What is the Autonomic System?

A

It is involuntary, it is automatic. Body automatically does it.

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11
Q

What is the Autonomic System broken down into?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems

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12
Q

What does the Sympathetic system do? (simple)

A

Speeds up nerve impulses. S&S is a good way to remember this

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13
Q

What does the Parasympathetic system do? (simple)

A

Slows down nerve impulses. (This is Pokey)

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14
Q

What is more strongly controlled by the parasympathetic system?

A

GI System

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15
Q

What is more strongly controlled by the sympathetic system?

A

Fight or flight response

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16
Q

What does the Somatic System control?

A

Voluntarily movements. Helps you move, or do things that require nerve impulses that we control by thinking about

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17
Q

What nerves controlled by Somatic System?

A

Afferent and Efferent Nerves of Skeletal System

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18
Q

Functions of Autonomic System? (4)

A

Regulates activities of internal organs to maintain homeostasis

Regulated by centers in the spinal cord, brain stem and hypothalamus

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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19
Q

What does the Sympathetic System control ? (3)

A

Flight or Fight Response

Norepinepherine

Stimulation causes dilated blood vessels, bronchioles, and pupils and sweating

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20
Q

What does the Parasympathetic System control? (2)

A

Controls visceral organs (GI and Bladder)

Stimulation causes a reaction of visceral organs (peristalsis and bladder constriction)

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21
Q

What is the Somatic System Responsible for?

A

Carrying motor and sensory information both to and from CNS

22
Q

What is the Somatic System made up of?

A

Nerves that connect to the skin, sensory organs, and all skeletal muscles

23
Q

Neurotransmitters: Communicate messages how?

A

From one neuron to another or to a specific target tissue

24
Q

Neurotransmitters: What can they do to a target cell?

A

Excite (Acetycholine) or inhibit (dopamine)

25
Q

Neurotransmitters: Many neurologic disorders are caused by

A

an imbalance in neurotransmitters

26
Q

What does Acetycholine do?

A

Excites or speed up transmissions

27
Q

What does Dopamine do?

A

Inhibits or slows down the nerve impulses

28
Q

What are the sensory nerves?

A

I, II, VII

29
Q

What are teh motor nerves?

A

III, IV, VI, XI, XII

30
Q

What are teh mixed sensory and motor nerves?

A

V, VII, IX, X

31
Q

The Autonomic Nervous system functions to regulate…

A

activites of internal organs and to maintain and restore internal homeostasis

32
Q

Main neurotrnsmitter in Sympathetic Nervous System is?

A

Norepinephrine

33
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System regulated by?

A

Centers in the spinal cord, brainstem, and hypothalamus

34
Q

What does the Sympathetic Nervous system do to body organs? (Specifics)

A

Stimulation causes dilated blood vessels in the heart and skeletal muscles, dilated bronchioles, and increased sweat production and dilated pupils

35
Q

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do to body organs? (Specifics)

A

Stimulation causes a reaction of visceral organs, such as peristalsis or bladder contraction

36
Q

What are the requirements for an accurate assessment?

A

Knowledge of anatomy and physiology or neuro system

Knowledge of diagnostic tests

Knowledge of nursing interventions for diagnostic tests and assessment procedures

37
Q

Neurologic Assessment: What Health History poritons would you look at? (6)

A

Pain

Seizures

Dizziness (abnormal sensation of imbalance) / Vertigo (illusion of movement, usually rotation)

Visual Disturbances (Are they seeing double? Halos around light?)

Weakness

Abnormal Sensations (Paresthesia)

38
Q

Neurologic Assessment: What would you look at for cerebral function? (7)

A

Mental status,

intellectual function,

thought content,

emotional status, (Labial mode)

perception,

motor ability,

language ability

39
Q

Neurologic Assessment: Cerebral function, make sure to note what impact?

A

Impact of any neurologic impairments on lifestyle and patient abilities and limitations

40
Q

Neurologic Assessment: Motor system, what is assessed? ($)

A

Posture,

Gait, (Assess when they aren’t paying attention)

Muscle Tone and Strength

Coordination and Balance

41
Q

Neurologic Assessment: Sensory System parts (4)

A

Tactile Sensation

Superficial Pain

Vibration

Position Sense (Tell them to close eyes and tell us what position their hand is in)

42
Q

What is Ataxia?

A

Incoordination of voluntary muscle action, particularly of the muscle groups used in activities such as walking or reaching

43
Q

Neurologic Assessment & Gerontologic Considerations: Its important to distinguish what?

A

Normal aging changes from abnormal changes

44
Q

Neurologic Assessment & Gerontologic Considerations: What should you do first?

A

Determine previous mental status for comparison. Assess mental status carefuly to distinguish delirium from dementia

45
Q

Neurologic Assessment & Gerontologic Considerations: Normal changes of the body icncludes what? (8)

A

Loss in Strength/Agility

Change in Gait, posture, and balance

Slowed Recaction Time and Decrease Reflex

Visual/Hearing Alterations

Decreased sense of smell/taste

Dulling of tactile sesnations

Decreased temperature

REduction of cerebral blood flow

46
Q

What Diagnostic Tests can be performed? (8)

A

CT, PET, MRI, SPECT

Cerebral Angiography (Look at blood flow through brain)/Myelography (Uses Dye)

Noninvasice Carotid Flow Studies (Ultrasound Carotid Artery)

Transcranial Doppler

Electroencephalography (EEG) (Electrodes placed to study activity)

Electromyography (EMG) (electrodes placed to study activity)

Nerve Conduction Studies/Evoked Potential Studies

Lumbar Puncture and Analysis of Fluid

47
Q

Diagnostic Evaluation & CT: How is the test first initially performed?

A

Without IV dye, and then with IV

48
Q

Diagnostic Evaluation & CT: What does the patient do

A

Lies on table with head in heatrest while scanning system roates around heat

49
Q

Diagnostic Evaluation & CT: Nursing Intervention for this?

A

Tell pt about need to lie still.

Fasting for 4 hours if contast needed

50
Q

Diagnostic Evaluation & MRI: Useful in what situations?

A

Diagnosis of brain tumor, strokes, and multiple sclerosis and does not involve ionizing radiation

NRSG 110: Med Surg 2 (29 decks)

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