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NRSG 110: Med Surg 2 > [Exam 3] Chapter 56: Assessment and Management of Female Physiologic Processes (Page 1666-1668, 1681-1684) > Flashcards

[Exam 3] Chapter 56: Assessment and Management of Female Physiologic Processes (Page 1666-1668, 1681-1684) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Affordable Care Act do?

A

Requires private insurers to cover preventive health care

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2
Q

What are some prevent health care that were covered by the affordable care act?

A

Evidence-Based Screening, Annual well-woman visits, 3d mammorgrams and all contraceptions.

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3
Q

Function of the female reproductive system?

A

Ovulation and the menstrual cycle

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4
Q

Significant hormones and hormonal changes in women?

A

Estrogen, PRogesterone, Androgens

Follicle-Stiulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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5
Q

Health History of Women: You get a history of what?

A

Menstural history and history of pregnancies and exposure to medications.

STDs, surgieres, and sexual histories

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6
Q

Health History of Women: Is there pain with what?

A

Menses or intercourse

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7
Q

Health History of Women: Monitor for

A

Vaginal discharge, odor, or itching,

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8
Q

Physical Assessment: Annual Breast and Pelvic Examiniations recommended for who?

A

All women 21 years of age or older and those who are sexually active, regardless of age

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9
Q

Physical Assessment: Alleviate feelings of anxiety with explanations and education of what?

A

Explain sexual issues are valid health issues

REassure its safe to talk about sexual issues

Explain that changes or problems in sexual functioning should be discussed

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10
Q

Physical Assessment: What may a patient be asked to do in a total assessment?

A

Empty her bladder and to provide a urine specimen if urine tests are a part of it

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11
Q

What is Perimenopause?

A

Period extended from the first signs of menopause (decreased estrogen) and ends one year after cessation of menses

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12
Q

What are some signs of perimenopause?

A

hot flashes, vaginal dryness, insomnia, difficulty with memory or irregular menses

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13
Q

REproductive function is perimenopause?

A

Gradually ceases

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14
Q

Perimenopause duration?

A

Lasts about one year after last menstrual period

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15
Q

Can you get pregnant is perimenopuse?

A

Yes, you are still able to get pregnant until last period occurs

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16
Q

Perimenopause: Changes in sexual function include

A

DEcreased estrogen levels

Changes in nerve transmission and response in peripheral vascular system

Changing in timing and degree of vasocongestion during sexual response

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17
Q

Perimenopause: Women will often complain of

A

Vaginal dryness, due to change in timing during sexual response

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18
Q

What is Natural Menopause?

A

Permanent cessation of menses, result of aging

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19
Q

At what age does Natural MEnopause occur?

A

Between 48-55 years of age

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20
Q

How does Chemical Menopause occur?

A

Cancer chemotherapy-Cytotoxic drugs arrest ovarian function

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21
Q

What is Surgical Menopause?

A

Ovaries removed in premenopausal women, reducing estrogen and progestin production

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22
Q

If a woman has a hysterectomy (removal of uterus) but not an oophorectomy (Removal of ovaries), what will she be in?

A

Will not be in menopause

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23
Q

Menopause increased health risks

A

Heart Disease, because Estrogen protects our organs.

Osteoporsis because they lose calcium from bones

Breast Cancer

Macular Degeneration

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24
Q

Menopause: What will change nutrition wise?

A

Decrease fat and calories will increasing calcium, whole grains, fiber, fruit, and vegetables

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25
Q

Menopause: Ensure calcium intake what what type of exercise?

A

Weight bearing

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26
Q

Menopause: What may worsen hot flashes?

A

Fatigue and stress

27
Q

Menopause: After this, what screenings do we want women to do?

A

Mammograms and Pap Tests

28
Q

Postmenopausal Bleeding: Bleeding after 1 year must be…

A

investigated, and malignant condition must be considered

29
Q

Postmenopausal Bleeding: What is a transvaginal ultrasound used for?

A

Measure the thickness of the endometrial lining, which should be thin because of low estrogen levels

30
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy: Benefits of this?

A

Beneficial in women at risk of osteoporosis, slowing down the process

31
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy: This may relieve what?

A

Vaginal dryness, hot flashes, and night sweats

32
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy: Used to believe that it used to fight what?

A

Prevent heart disease, but is the opposite. It can make it worse

33
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy: WHo should not use this?

A

Those with history of vascular thrombosis

Active liver disease

Uterine Cancer

Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding

Breast Cancer

Cardiovascular

34
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy: What is prescribed for women who have not had a hysterectomy?

A

Estrogen and PRogestin

35
Q

Hormone Replacement Therapy: What does PRogestin do?

A

Prevents proliferation of the uterine lining and hyperplasia

36
Q

Premanstrual Syndrome: What is this?

A

Cluster of complex symptoms that are usually related to the luteal phase of the menstural cyle

37
Q

Premanstrual Syndrome: What are some signs of this?

A

Mood swings, breast tenderness, fatigue, irritability, food cravings, depression, headache, fluid retention

38
Q

Premanstrual Syndrome: When does this occur?

A

3-14 days prior to menstruation and are relieved by menses

39
Q

Premanstrual Syndrome: What are some risk factors of this?

A

Major life stressors

Age > 30

Depression

40
Q

Premanstrual Syndrome: With someone womens cycles lasting only 21 days.. this means they will go how long without PMS?

A

Possibly only one week out of theh month

41
Q

Premanstrual Syndrome: Interventions to help allieve the symptoms include

A

Increased fluid intake, which helps dilute the hormones and decreasing effect

Increase frequency and intensity of exercises,

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), often given for depression but can help with PMS

42
Q

What is Amenorrhea?

A

Absence of menstural flow

43
Q

Amenorrhea: Primary Amenorrhea refers to the situation in which

A

a 15 yer old has not begun developing secondary sex characteristics or by 16 or older develop secondary sex characteristics but has not started mensturation

44
Q

Amenorrhea: What is a Secondary Amenorrhea?

A

Absence of menses for three cycles or 6 months after a normal menarche

45
Q

Dysmenorrhea: What is primary Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful mensturation, with no identifiable pelvic pathology.

46
Q

Dysmenorrhea: What does Primary Dysmenorrhea signs look like?

A

Crampy pain that begins before or shortly after onset of menstural flow and continues for 48-72 hours

47
Q

Dysmenorrhea: This is thoughth to result because of what?

A

Excessie production of prostaglandings, which causes painful contractions of the uterus

48
Q

Amenorrhea: Secondary Amenorrhea ma be caused by

A

functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, pituitary disease, primary ovarin failure , or pregnancy

49
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: What is this?

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding

50
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: What is Menorrhagia?

A

Prolonged or excessive bleeding at the time of the regular menstrual flow

51
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menorrhagia: What is this a sign of in young women?

A

Cause is usually related to endocrine disturbances

52
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menorrhagia: What is this a sign of in oldere women?

A

Inflammatory disturbances, tumors of the uterus, or hormonal imbalance

53
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menorrhagia: Persistent heavy bleeding may result in

A

Anemia

54
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menorrhagia: Treatment may involve what?

A

Endometrial ablation or hysterectomy

55
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Metrorrhagia: What is this?

A

Vaginal bleeding between menstural periods, and is the most significant form of menstural dysfunction because it may signal cancer

56
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, Menometrorrhagia: What is this

A

Heavy vaginal bleeding between and during periods

57
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Amenorrhea causes include

A

STructural and/or hormonal abnormalities, polycystic ovary disease, imperforate hymen, or ovarian tumors

58
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: MEnorrhagia causes include

A

thyroid disorders, endometriosis, PID, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, polyps, clotting disorders or anticoagulnt therapy

59
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: MEtororrhagia causes include

A

Hormonal imbalance, PID, POlyps, Uterine FIbroids, or cervical / uterine cancer

60
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: This is seen in what age group and most often caused by what?

A

ADolescents and most often caused by lack of ovulation

61
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Tests that can be performed include…

A

Pap Smear: Rules out Cervical Carcinoma

Pelvic Ultrasound: Identifies luteal cysts or ovarian tumors

Edometrial Biopsy: For Histological Examination

62
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: Lab Tests include..

A

CBC: Rules out systemic disease

Coagulant Factors pT and pTT: Rules out clotting disorders

Thyroid function studies and endocrine studies: Evaluates pituitary and adrenal function

Progesterone levels

63
Q

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: What can be done once caused is determines?

A

Hormal replacement with birth control or progesterone

Therapeutic Dilation and curregate: Cervical canal i dilated and uterine wall is scraped. Can still carry children here.

Endometrial Ablation: Endometrial layer of the uterus is destroyed by using a laser, thermal balloon, or electrocautery. Once completed, you cannot carry children

Hysterectomy: Surgical Removal of the uterus

Oral Contraception: Let them know that some antibiotics can cause some contraceptions to become ineffective. With surgery, clot can develop so monitor closely.

NRSG 110: Med Surg 2 (29 decks)

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