[Exam 2] Chapter 21: Respiratory Care Modalities (Page 510-521) Flashcards
Oxygen Therapy: What is Hypoxemia?
Decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in teh blood, manifested by changes in mental status, dyspnea, increase in BP, and cool extremities.
Oxygen Therapy: What is Hypoxia?
Decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells
Oxygen Toxicity: When would this occur?
When too high cocnentration ox oxygen is given for an extended period
Oxygen Toxicity: What happens if this is untreated?
Radicals can severly damage the alveolar capillary membrane leading to pulmonary edema and cell death
Oxygen Toxicity: Signs and Symptoms of this?
Substernal discomfort, paresthesias, dyspnea restlessness, fatigue, and respiratory difficulty
Oxygen Toxicity: Why would absorption atelectasis occur?
Th extra oxygen replaces the nitrogen which is used to maintain patency. Alveoli collapse
Supression of Ventilation: What is the Hypoxic drive theory for those with COPD?
Posited that administration of high cocnentration of oxygen removes the respiratory drive created by patients chronic low oxygen tension. Causes increased PaCO2.
Methods of Oxygen Administration: What delivers the most precise and reliable oxygen concentration?
Venturi Mask
Methods of Oxygen Administration: How much air cna be adminisered in a nasal canula?
6L
Methods of Oxygen Administration: Oxygen delivery systems are identified as
low-flow (variable performance) or high flow (fixed performance)
Methods of Oxygen Administration: What air does a patient on a low-flow systme breathe?
Air in their tank and in the room
Methods of Oxygen Administration: When is a nasal cannula used?
When patient requires low-to medium concentration for oxygen when precise accuracy is not esstential.
Methods of Oxygen Administration: When is a Nasal Catheter used?
Rarely used byt may be prescribed for short-term therapy to administer low-to moderate concentrations of oxygen.
Methods of Oxygen Administration: Simple masks are used to administer
low-to-moderate concentrations of oxygen. Stores oxygen between breaths . Has openings on the side
Methods of Oxygen Administration: What are partial rebreathing masks?
Have reservoir bag that must remain inflated during inspiration adn expiration. Nurse adjusts oxygen to ensure bag does not collapse
Methods of Oxygen Administration, Partial Rebreathing Masks: What happens to air as patient breathes.
When inhaling, gas drawn from mask, bag, and potentially room air
Methods of Oxygen Administration, Nonbreabthing Masks: How does gas flow work here?
Gas may enter the base of mask from the bag but cannot flow back into the bag on expiration
Methods of Oxygen Administration, Nonbreabthing Masks: Can room air enter the mask?
No. One wayy vales located at exhalation ports prevent room air from entering
Methods of Oxygen Administration, Venturi Mask: How does airflow work here?
Mask is constructed in a way that allows a constant flow of room air blended wiht a fixed flow of oxygen.
Methods of Oxygen Administration, Venturi Mask: Used for patients with
COPD
Methods of Oxygen Administration, Transtracheal Oxygen Catheter: What does this require?
Minor surgery to insert a catheter through a small incision directly into the trchea
Methods of Oxygen Administration, Transtracheal Oxygen Catheter: Who is this made for?
Those with Chronic oxygen therapy needs
Methods of Oxygen Administration, T-Piece: What is this?
Special adaptor used to deliver oxygen.
Methods of Oxygen Administration: What is Hyperbaric oxygen therapy?
The administration of 100% oxygen at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure
Methods of Oxygen Administration: Why is Hyperbaric oxygen therapy done?
Treats decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide poisoning, and wound healing .
Methods of Oxygen Administration: Potential side effects of Hyperbaric oxygen therapy?
Ear Trauma, Central Nervous System Disorders, Oxygen Toxicity, and Anxiety
Incentive Spirometry: What is this?
Method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to encourage patient to inhale slowly and deeply to maximize lung inflation
Incentive Spirometry: Used to prevent what?
Atelectasis
Incentive Spirometry: What is the purpose of this?
Ensure that volume of air inhaled is increased gradually as patient takes deper and deeper breaths
Incentive Spirometry: What two types of available?
Volume or flow
Incentive Spirometry: What is a volume type?
Tidal volume is set using the manufacturers instructions. Pauses at peak inhalation.
Incentive Spirometry: What is a Flow type?
Volume is not present. Contains number of moveable balls pushed by force of breath.
Incentive Spirometry: How is amount of air inhaled and flow of air estimated?
By how long and how high the balls are suspended
Incentive Spirometry: This is used when?
After surgery, especialyl thoracic or abdominal surgegry
Incentive Spirometry: What does nursing management include?
Positioning of patient, encourage use, set realistic goals, and record outcomes
Incentive Spirometry: Patient Education would include
Use IS 10 breaths per hour
Inhale slowly with lips around mouth piece then hold, then exhale
Mini Nebulizer Therapy: What is a small volume nebulizer?
Handheld apparatus that disperses a moisutrizing agent or medication into microscopic particles and delivers into lungs, making a visible mist
Mini Nebulizer Therapy: Why might someone need this?
Those who cannot clear respiratory secretions
Reduced VC with ineffective deep breathing and coughing
Mini Nebulizer Therapy: Instructions for patient?
Slow, deep breathing through the mouth and hold a few seocnds at the end of inspiration.
Cough to exercise mobile secretions.
Do diaphragmatic breathing
Mini Nebulizer Therapy: What should you assess before and after treatment?
HR, Lung Sounds, RR
Postural Drainage: This allows force of gravity to assist in the removal of
bronchial secretions.
Postural Drainage: This is used to prevent or relieve
bronchial obstruction caused by accumulation of secretions
Postural Drainage: Do not do this when?
Immediately following a meal
Postural Drainage: Position patient so that gravity will
move secretions
Postural Drainage: Assess lung sounds when?
Before and after treatment
Postural Drainage, Nursing Management: How often is potural drainage performed?
2-4 times a day, before meals and at bedtime
Postural Drainage, Nursing Management: Recommended sequence starts with
positions to drain the lower lobes following by draining the upper lobes
Chest Physiotherapy (CPT): Thick secretions that are difficult to cough up may be lossened by
tapping (percussing) and vibrating the chest or though use of a vest
Chest Physiotherapy (CPT): Chest Percussions are carried out by
cupping the hands and lightly strinking the chest in a rhythmic fashion over the lung segment to be drained
Chest Physiotherapy (CPT): What are the goals?
Remove secretions, improve ventilation, and increased efficiency of respiratory muscles
Chest Physiotherapy (CPT): This is frequently indicated at home for patients with
COPD, Bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis.
