Exam 4: Assessment and Care of patients with ear and hearing problems (8 questions) Flashcards
Ear Diagnostic testing: Tympanometry
Mobility of the eardrum & middle ear structures
Ear Diagnostic testing: Auditory brainstem-evoked response
Electrodes used, detects hearing loss in patients unable to indicate recognition of sound
Ear Diagnostic testing: Electronystagmography (ENG)
- Detects central or peripheral disease of the vestibular system
- No Pacemakers
- NPO several hours prior
- No caffeine, alcohol, sedatives, or antihistamines 24 hours prior
Ear Diagnostic testing: Caloric testing
Evaluates the vestibular portion of the auditory nerve
Ear physical testing: Tympanic membrane
- Right ear: cone of light at the 5 o’clock position
- Left ear: cone of light should be at the 7 o’clock position
Age related Ear changes
- Pinna elongated
- Hair in ear canal coarser and longer
- Cerumen drier, can cause impaction
- Tympanic membrane loses elasticity
- Hearing acuity decreases
- High frequency sounds lost first
Conductive hearing loss
Physical obstruction of sound wave transmission
Sensorineural hearing loss
- Defect in the cochlear or
- The CN VIII or
- The brain (temporal lobe)
- Presbycusis (most common type)
Mixed hearing loss
Profound hearing loss
- combination of conductive damage in the outer or middle ear and sensorineural damage in the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve.
Tuning fork tests
Weber
- Vibrating tuning fork placed in middle of head
Rinne
- Compares air conduction with hearing to bone conduction
Conductive hearing loss treatment (specific name later)
- Surgery
- Bone-conduction hearing aid
- Surgically implanted, osseointegrated device
- Conventional hearing aid
- Antibiotic or antifungal medications (infections)
Sensorineural hearing loss medication (specific surgery later)
- Corticosteroids
- Surgery
Mixed hearing loss treatment
- Take care of the conductive problem first
- Treat what can be treated
Vertigo management
- Positional exercises
- Rest in quiet places
Vertigo medication
- Meclizine
- Antiemetics
- Diphenyhydramine, dimenhydrinate
- Scopalamine
- Diazepam
Menieres disease patho/etiology
- Vestibular disease due to an excess of endolymphatic fluid
- Distorts the inner-canal system
Menieres disease symptoms
Attacks lasting days or continuously
- Tinnitus
- vertigo
- Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Menieres disease treatment
- Diet
- Fluid
- Medications
- Surgery
Hearing loss medical treatment
- Early detection
- Safety measures (due to hearing loss)
- Dietary (nutrition, hydration)
- Medication
Hearing loss surgical treatment
- Hearing aids
- Tympanoplasty
- Stapedectomy
- Implants (e.g., cochlear devices)
Hearing loss surgical treatment: Tympanoplasty
- Reconstruct the eardrum
- For Conductive hearing loss
Hearing loss surgical treatment: Stapedectomy
- surgical procedure of the middle ear performed in order to improve hearing
- Done when otosclerosis present
- Conductive hearing loss
Hearing loss surgical treatment: Implants
- Cochlear implant
- Sensorineural hearing loss
