Exam 4: Assessment and Care of patients with ear and hearing problems (8 questions)

Question 1

Ear Diagnostic testing: Tympanometry

Answer 1

Mobility of the eardrum & middle ear structures

Question 2

Ear Diagnostic testing: Auditory brainstem-evoked response

Answer 2

Electrodes used, detects hearing loss in patients unable to indicate recognition of sound

Question 3

Ear Diagnostic testing: Electronystagmography (ENG)

Answer 3

• Detects central or peripheral disease of the vestibular system
• No Pacemakers
• NPO several hours prior
• No caffeine, alcohol, sedatives, or antihistamines 24 hours prior

Question 4

Ear Diagnostic testing: Caloric testing

Answer 4

Evaluates the vestibular portion of the auditory nerve

Question 5

Ear physical testing: Tympanic membrane

Answer 5

• Right ear: cone of light at the 5 o’clock position

- Left ear: cone of light should be at the 7 o’clock position

Question 6

Age related Ear changes

Answer 6

• Pinna elongated
• Hair in ear canal coarser and longer
• Cerumen drier, can cause impaction
• Tympanic membrane loses elasticity
• Hearing acuity decreases
• High frequency sounds lost first

Question 7

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 7

Physical obstruction of sound wave transmission

Question 8

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 8

• Defect in the cochlear or
• The CN VIII or
• The brain (temporal lobe)
• Presbycusis (most common type)

Question 9

Mixed hearing loss

Answer 9

Profound hearing loss
- combination of conductive damage in the outer or middle ear and sensorineural damage in the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve.

Question 10

Tuning fork tests

Answer 10

Weber
- Vibrating tuning fork placed in middle of head

Rinne
- Compares air conduction with hearing to bone conduction

Question 11

Conductive hearing loss treatment (specific name later)

Answer 11

• Surgery
• Bone-conduction hearing aid
• Surgically implanted, osseointegrated device
• Conventional hearing aid
• Antibiotic or antifungal medications (infections)

Question 12

Sensorineural hearing loss medication (specific surgery later)

Answer 12

• Corticosteroids

- Surgery

Question 13

Mixed hearing loss treatment

Answer 13

• Take care of the conductive problem first

- Treat what can be treated

Question 14

Vertigo management

Answer 14

• Positional exercises

- Rest in quiet places

Question 15

Vertigo medication

Answer 15

• Meclizine
• Antiemetics
• Diphenyhydramine, dimenhydrinate
• Scopalamine
• Diazepam

Question 16

Menieres disease patho/etiology

Answer 16

• Vestibular disease due to an excess of endolymphatic fluid

- Distorts the inner-canal system

Question 17

Menieres disease symptoms

Answer 17

Attacks lasting days or continuously

• Tinnitus
• vertigo
• Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

Question 18

Menieres disease treatment

Answer 18

• Diet
• Fluid
• Medications
• Surgery

Question 19

Hearing loss medical treatment

Answer 19

• Early detection
• Safety measures (due to hearing loss)
• Dietary (nutrition, hydration)
• Medication

Question 20

Hearing loss surgical treatment

Answer 20

• Hearing aids
• Tympanoplasty
• Stapedectomy
• Implants (e.g., cochlear devices)

Question 21

Hearing loss surgical treatment: Tympanoplasty

Answer 21

• Reconstruct the eardrum

- For Conductive hearing loss

Question 22

Hearing loss surgical treatment: Stapedectomy

Answer 22

• surgical procedure of the middle ear performed in order to improve hearing
• Done when otosclerosis present
• Conductive hearing loss

Question 23

Hearing loss surgical treatment: Implants

Answer 23

• Cochlear implant

- Sensorineural hearing loss