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Adult Health I final > Exam 4: Assessment and Care of Patients with Eye and Vision problems (10 questions) > Flashcards

Exam 4: Assessment and Care of Patients with Eye and Vision problems (10 questions) Flashcards

1
Q

Age related Eye structural changes

A
  • Decreased eye muscle tone
  • Ectropion and dry eye
  • Arcus senilis
    Caused by fat deposits
  • Corneal changes
    Flattens, irregular surface of curve
  • Changes in color of sclera
  • Less ability to dilate pupil
  • More light needed for reading
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2
Q

Age related Eye functional changes

A
  • Yellowing of lens
  • Accommodation gradually lost
  • Presbyopia
    Near point increases
  • Far point decreases
  • Color perception decreases
  • IOP ( intraocular pressure) increases
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3
Q

Eye Diagnostic testing: Imaging assessment

A

CT, MRI, radioisotope scanning, ultrasonography

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4
Q

Eye Diagnostic testing: Slit-lamp examination

A

Magnifies the anterior structures

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5
Q

Eye Diagnostic testing: Corneal staining

A

Checks for corneal trauma, abrasions, ulcers

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6
Q

Eye Diagnostic testing: Tonometry

A

Measures IOP (intraocular pressure)

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7
Q

Eye Diagnostic testing: Fluorescein angiography

A
  • Assesses retinal circulation
  • IV access
  • Mydriatic eye drops prior to test
  • Encourage fluid after test
  • Skin may appear yellow for several hours after test
  • Urine bright green after test
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8
Q

Eye Diagnostic testing: Electroretinography

A

Graphing retinal response to light stimulation

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9
Q

Eye Diagnostic testing: Gonioscopy

A
  • Determines if open angle or closed angle glaucoma is present
  • Allows visualization of the angle where the iris meets the cornea
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10
Q

Cataract pathophysiology

A
  • Clouding of the lens occurs due to changes in the proteins and lens fibers.
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11
Q

Cataract: subcapsular

A

Begins at the back of the lens

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12
Q

Cataract: Nuclear cataract

A

Forms in the center of the lens

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13
Q

Cataract: Cortical cataract

A

Forms in the lens cortex and extends from the outside of the lens to the center

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14
Q

Cataract treatment

A

Cataract surgery

  • Cataract removal by phacoemulsification.
  • Sound waves break up the lens, pieces are sucked out, and the capsule remains largely intact
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15
Q

Cataract postoperative nursing care

A
  • Antibiotics given subconjunctivally
  • Eye is unpatched, discharge usually occurs within 1 hour
  • Dark glasses required
  • Instill antibiotic-steroid eyedrops
  • Mild itching normal
  • Pain indicates complications
  • Reduce IOP (stop strenuous activity)
  • Prevent infection
  • Assess for bleeding
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16
Q

Cataract patient teaching

A 
- Signs of complications:
Sharp, sudden pain in eye
Bleeding or increased discharge
Lid swelling
Decreased vision
Flashes of light or floating shapes
  • Avoid activities that might increase IOP
  • Review procedure for use of eyedrops
17
Q

Glaucoma pathophysiology

A
  • Increased ocular pressure

- Cupping and atrophy of optic disc

18
Q

Glaucoma types

A
  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)

- Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG)

19
Q

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)

A
  • Gradual onset
  • Outflow of aqueous humor reduced
  • No pain at the beginning, mild headache or eye aching later
  • Cupping and atrophy of optic disc
  • Late:
    Halo around lights
    Loss of peripheral vision
  • IOP: 22 to 32 mm Hg
20
Q

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG)

A
  • Sudden onset
  • Outflow of aqueous humor is closed
  • Sudden, severe pain
  • Headache with N & V
  • Colored halos around lights
  • IOP: > 30 mm Hg
21
Q

Glaucoma medications

A
  • Prostaglandin analogs (Latanoprost)- increase the outflow of aqueous humor
  • Beta-adrenergic blockers (Timolol)- decreases the production of aqueous humor
  • Alpha2-adrenergic agonist (Brimonidine)- do both

(Got from pharm powerpoints)

22
Q

Glaucoma treatment

A
  • Pupil constriction allows ciliary muscle contraction and better circulation of aqueous humor
  • Reducing production or increasing the absorption of aqueous humor
23
Q

Glaucoma Nursing interventions

A
  • Teach How eyedrops work
  • Teach How to administer
  • Monitor for side effects
  • Compliance, timely dosing
24
Q

Macular degeneration pathophysiology

A

Deterioration of the macula

25
Q

Macular degeneration types

A
  • Age related macular degeneration (AMD) (Dry)

- Exudative (Wet)

26
Q

Macular degeneration: Age related (AMD) (Dry)

A
  • Dry: gradual blockage of retinal cells…ischemic & necrotic
27
Q

Macular degeneration: Exudative (wet)

A
  • Wet: growth of new blood vessels, leak blood & fluid
28
Q

Macular degeneration: Age related (AMD) (Dry) treatment:

A
  • Antioxidants, Vitamin B12, carotenoids, vitamin E
29
Q

Macular degeneration: Exudative (wet) treatment

A
  • Bevacizumab (Avastin) injections into vitreal chamber

- Laser therapy to seal leaking vessels

30
Q

Caring for a patient with reduced vision

A
  • Communication about use of adaptive items
  • Safety in familiar settings
  • Ambulation assisted with care
  • Promote self-care and independence
  • Support for difficulty of adapting to lost sight

Adult Health I final (16 decks)

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