Exam 4 Antimicrobial Flashcards
PABA has similar structure to?
sulfonamide
group 1 vs group 2 combo therapy
group 1
-bactericidal requires rapidly growing
group 2
-bacteriostatic requires maintanence of blood concentration
drug of choice for UTIs?
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin), limited side effects bc excreted so quick
KNOW what combo? what do the two parts do?
sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim combincation
- sulfa blocks PABA
- trimethoprim blocks folic acid and dihydrogolicacid conversion
antimicrobial that commonly affects contraceptives?
rifampin
betalactamases do what?
secreted by bacteria to destroy beta-lactam ring in bacterial cell walls
Pen G vs Pen V vs Dicloxicillin vs amoxicillin
Pen G
-natural, parentally
Pen V
-oral pen bc stable in stomach
dicloxicillin
- PENICIlLINASE RESISTANT
amoxicillin
- longer 1/2 life
- preferred by AHA
what is manipulated to keep pen in system?
transport system (excreted by kidney)
cephalosporin generations
each new generation becomes more specific to G- and has less cross-reactivity
what cephalosporin is a good alternative to pen?
cephalexin (Keflex) a first generation oral drug
do not drink while on cephalosporins. why?
disulfiram-like reaction
augmentin is?
clavulanic acid combined with amoxicillin for extended spectrum acitivty
Ciprofloxacin is used to txt?
Travelers Diarrhea
macrolide antibiotic PROTOTYPE and side effect? inbites what enzyme? stimulates
erythromycin and causes arrythmias in adults and epigastric distress in children
- inhibits 3A4 and stimulates motillin receptors
preferred macrolide antibiotic?
azithromycin (Z-pak)
- can use for prophylaxis instead of pen
- VERY long 1/2 life
