Exam 2 Antihyoertensive drugs

Question 1

blood pressure

cardiac output

Answer 1

BP = cardiac output * vascular resistance

CO = heart rate * stroke volume
…so BP= HR * SV * VR

Question 2

normal BP and stages

**goal

Answer 2

normal = <120 / <80
pre = 120-139 / 80-89
stage 1 = 140-159 / 90-99
stgae 2 = >160 / >100

**goal <140/90 for 60 yrs or <150/90 for older

Question 3

ACE 1 vs ARBs

Answer 3

ACE 1 has a cough and vasodilation and decrease bradykinin degradation and prego-fetal death

ARBs have NO cough and block angiotensin 2 receptor

Question 4

thiazides

What is main one?

Answer 4

NaCl
at DCT (distal convoluated tubule)
** primary first role txt*
main one is hydrochlorothiazide

Question 5

Loop diuretics

What is main one?

Answer 5

TAL (thick ascending loop)
Na, Cl AND K+

main one is Furosemide (commonly prescribed, take 1 hr before eating) —toremide is common too

Question 6

diuretics

Answer 6

at collecting duct

Question 7

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Answer 7

at proximal convoluted tubule (and osmotic diuretics)

most Na+ reabsorbed here

Question 8

aldosterone antagonists

Answer 8

collecting duct

Question 9

big 3 things with beta blockers?

Answer 9

Bradycardia
Bronchial constrictions -beta 2
Fatigue

Question 10

Ca+ channel blockers have what side-effect?

Answer 10

gingival hyperplasia 5-8%

Question 11

alpha 1 antagonist side effect?

Answer 11

postural (orthostatic) hypotension -safer to give at bedtime