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PT 701-Anatomy > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

intercostal muscles

A

external (inspiration)
internal (expiration)
innermost (weak expiration)

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2
Q

scalene contribution to respiration

A

inspiration

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3
Q

abdominal muscles contribution to respiration

A

expire

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4
Q

relation of phrenic nerve to root of the lung:

A

phrenic nerve goes anterior to the root of the lung

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5
Q

Are there more white or gray communicans?

A

gray

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6
Q

how many white communicans?

A

28

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7
Q

posterior intercostal veins drain into the__

A

azygos system

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8
Q

azygos vein drains into:

A

superior vena cava

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9
Q

location of trachea

A
  • slightly right of midline
  • anterior to esophagus
  • posterior to great vessels
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10
Q

carina

A
  • marks the bifurcation of trachea into R/L bronchus

- happens at T4-5

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11
Q

area of lung that can hurt while running

A
  • costodiaphragmatic recess

- irritating intercostal nerves

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12
Q

number of lobes of R lung

A

3

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13
Q

number of lobes of L lung

A

2 (heart takes up space)

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14
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

: portion of the cardiovascular system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, then delivers oxygenated blood back to the heart

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15
Q

pulmonary arteries deliver:

A

de-oxygenated blood from right ventricle to root of lung

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16
Q

pulmonary veins deliver

A

oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium

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17
Q

lower motor neurons

A

cause movement

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18
Q

roots give rise to:

A

2 rami (dorsal and ventral)

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19
Q

the synapse of somatic afferent is found:

A

dorsal horn

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20
Q

synapse of somatic efferent is found:

A

in the periphery

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21
Q

cell body of the somatic efferent neuron is found:

A

ventral horn

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22
Q

cell body of the somatic afferent neuron is found:

A

DRG: dorsal root ganglia

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23
Q

demarcation of the PNS and CNS:

A

intervertebral foramen

-when typical spinal nerve enters intervertebral foramen it becomes CNS

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24
Q

options for a visceromotor sympathetic neuron synapse:

A
  1. synapse at paravertebral ganglia and go to periphery
  2. synapse above T1 or below L2 on paravertebral ganglia and go to periphery
  3. pass through paravertebral to synapse at prevertebral ganglia to activate/inhibit internal organ
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25
Q

for sympathetic visceromotor white ramus communicans is:

A
  • input

- preganglionic

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26
Q

for sympathetic viseromotor gray ramus communicans is:

A
  • output

- postganglionic

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27
Q

sympathetic innervation distribution:

A

thoracolumbar distribution T1-L2

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28
Q

parasympathetic innervation distribution:

A

craniosacral distribution

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29
Q

cell bodies for parasympathetic division of ANS are found:

A

in the nuceli of the brain stem (cranial nerves) and spinal cord segments S2-S4

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30
Q

cranial nerves that contain parasympathetic fibers

A
  1. CN III oculomotor
  2. CN VII facial
  3. CN IX glossopharyngeal
  4. CN X vagus
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31
Q

parasympathetic ganglia that are associated with the cranial nerves:

A
  • synapse in them (intramural ganglia)
    1. Ciliary (CN III)
    2. Submandibular (CN VII)
    3. Pterygopalatine (CN VII)
    4. Otic (CN IX)
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32
Q

parasympathetic fiber lengths

A
  • long preganglionic fibers

- short postganglionic fibers

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33
Q

paravertebral ganglia

A

(sympathetic trunk ganglion)

  • lie on either side of the vertebral column
  • used only for synapses of the sympathetic ANS
34
Q

prevertebral ganglia

A
  • lie anterior to vertebral column

- used for synapses of sympathetic ANS

35
Q

named prevertebral ganglia:

A
  • celiac ganglion
  • superior mesenteric ganglion
  • inferior mesenteric ganglion
36
Q

intramural ganglia

A
  • located at the end of the visceral efferent pathway close to or within the effector organ
  • these are sites for synapses of the parasympathetic ANS
37
Q

gray rami communicans are:

A

putput fibers for the sympathetic ANS

38
Q

white rami communicans :

A

input sympathetic innervation

39
Q

cranial nerves do not contain:

A

sympathetic fibers

40
Q

CN III

A
  • oculomotor

- constricts pupils; focus on objects

41
Q

CN VII

A
  • facial

- activate lacrimal, salivary glands

42
Q

CN IX

A
  • glossopharyngeal

- salivary glands

43
Q

CN X

A

vagus

-most visceral organs

44
Q

sacral nerves

A
  • pelvic organs
  • bladder
  • genitals
  • large intestine
45
Q

transmitter substance of parasympathetics

A

AcH

46
Q

cell body of postganglionic parasympathetic fiber found:

A

in an intramural ganglion

47
Q

cell bodies for sympathetic division of ANS found:

A

IML of T1-L2

48
Q

pathway of breast milk:

A
  1. lactiferous glands
  2. lactiverous ducts
  3. lactiferous sinsuses
    (held up by suspensory liagaments
49
Q

is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve a thoracic structure?

A

no; it recurs around the subclavian artery

50
Q

retromammary space

A
  • plane of loose connective tissue
  • separates breast from underlying fascia of pectoralis major
  • allows movement of breast on thoracic wall
51
Q

peau d’orange sign

A
  • edema of the skin on the breast

- caused by lymphatic obstruction

52
Q

blood supply to the breast:

A
  1. posterior intercostal arteries

2. internal thoracic arteries

53
Q

structures in the superior mediastinum

A 
Nerves:
1. vagus nerve
2. left recurrent laryngeal nerve
3. mediastinal autonomics (sympathetics and vagus)
4. cardiac plexus (sympathetics and vagus)
5. phrenic nerve
6. sympathetic chain
Veins:
1. SVC
2. Tributaries: right and left brachiocephalic
Arteries
1. arch of aorta
2. branches: right brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
Tubes:
1. esophagus
2. trachea
Lymph:
1. thymus remnants
2. lymph nodes
3. thoracic duct
54
Q

contents of anterior inferior mediastinum

A
  1. remnants of thymus gland
  2. lymph vessels
  3. fat
55
Q

contents of middle inferior mediastinum

A
  1. heart
  2. vessels:
    - 4 pulmonary veins
    - 1 pulmonary artery
    - superior vena cava
    - inferior vena cava
    - aorta
  3. phrenic nerve
56
Q

contents of the posterior inferior mediastinum

A 
Nerves:
1. vagus nerve
2. sympathetic chain
3. splanchnic nerve
Veins:
1. azygos vein
2. hemiasygos vein
Arteries:
1. descending aorta
2. its branches (intercostal arteries
Esophagus
Thoracic Duct
57
Q

Difference between primary bronchi:

A

right primary bronchus is

  • wider
  • shorter
  • straighter
58
Q

left bronchial artery branches from:

A

thoracic aorta

59
Q

right bronchial artery branches from:

A

thoracic aorta or posterior intercostal arteries

60
Q

left bronchial vein drains into:

A

accessory hemiazygos vein

61
Q

right chronchial vein drains into:

A

azygos vein

62
Q

“lub”

A

closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves during contraction of ventricles
-1st sound

63
Q

“dub”

A

closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves as the ventricles relax produces the second sound

64
Q

which coronary artery is larger?

A

tyically the left coronary artery

65
Q

left coronary artery arises:

A

posterior to the pulmonary trunk from the aorta

66
Q

“dominance” refers to:

A

-artery that gives rise to the posterior interventricular branch

67
Q

which coronary artery usually supplies the greater volume of cardiac tissue?

A

left coronary artery

68
Q

coronary left dominance:

A

posterior interventricular artery is a branch of the circumflex artery

69
Q

coronary right dominance

A

posterior interventricular branches arises from the right coronary artery

70
Q

ligamentum arteriosum connects:

A

left pulmonary artery and the arch/descending aorta

71
Q

Cordae Tendineae

A

-help keep the leaflets in approximation during systole

72
Q

mitral valve

A
  • anterior leaflet is true single leaflet

- posterior is composed of two or three smaller subleaflets

73
Q

what prevents aortic regurgitation?

A

nodules of semilunar leaflets

74
Q

diastole

A

ventricular relaxation

75
Q

systole

A

ventricular contraction

76
Q

superior costotransverse ligament

A

from the neck of the rib to the transverse process superior to it

77
Q

radiate ligament

A

fans out from the head of the rib to the vertebral bodies

78
Q

lateral costotransverse ligament

A

transverse process to the tubercle of the rib

79
Q

SA node location

A
  • subepicardial
  • junction of right atrium with SVC
  • external surface
80
Q

AV node location

A

-subendocardial

81
Q

visceral layer of serous pericardium

A

epicardium

82
Q

superficial to deep heart layers

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

PT 701-Anatomy (7 decks)

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