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PT 701-Anatomy > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint

A
  • intercalvicular
  • ant/post sternoclavicular ligaments
  • costoclavicular
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2
Q

ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint

A
  • superior/inferioracromioclavicular-coracoclavicular (trapezoid and conoid)
  • coracoacromial
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3
Q

roof of the shoulder

A

coracoacromial ligament

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4
Q

ligaments of glenohumeral joint

A
  • inferior/middle/superior glenohumeral ligaments

- coracohumeral ligament

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5
Q

glenoid labrum

A

increases contact surface by 75%

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6
Q

primary bursa of the shoulder

A

subacromial bursa

-under coracoacromial ligament and above supraspinatus tendon and glenohumeral joint capsule

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7
Q

impingement syndrome

A

-decreased subacromial space
-microtrauma of supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, or long head of biceps
pathologic involvement: subacromial bursa, superaspinatus tendon

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8
Q

spinal level of scapular spine

A

T3

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9
Q

spinal level of inferior scapular angle

A

T7

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10
Q

spinal level of last rib

A

T12

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11
Q

spinal level of iliac crest

A

L4

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12
Q

uncinate process

A
  • c-spine
  • located on superior/lateral edges of cervical bodies
  • prevents posterior sliding movements of the vertebral bodies
  • limits lateral flexion
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13
Q

weight bearing part of vertebra

A

body

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14
Q

protection part of vertebra

A

lamina and pedicle

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15
Q

movement part of vertebra

A

spinous process and transverse process

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16
Q

part of vertebra that obstructs movement

A

articulating processes

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17
Q

the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of C1 is

A

the fovea dentis

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18
Q

characteristics of cervical vertebra

A
  • large triangular foramen
  • uncinate processes
  • bifid spinous processes
  • transverse foramen
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19
Q

characteristics of thoracic vertebra

A
  • long spinous processes angled downward
  • smaller/circular vertebral foramen
  • synovial joint articulations with the ribs
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20
Q

characteristics of lumbar vertebra

A
  • large bodies
  • triangular vertebral foramen
  • articular facets in sagittal plane
  • short stubby spinous processes
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21
Q

anterior antlanto-occipital/axial ligaments

A

o-prevents excessive lordosis

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22
Q

tectorial membrane

A
  • covers dens and its ligaments

- overlies cruciform ligament

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23
Q

cruciform ligament

A
  • prevent dens from dislocating into vertebral canal

- transverse and longitudinal portion

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24
Q

alar/apical ligaments

A

dens to foramen magnum

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25
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • from axis to sacrum

- anterior and lateral vertebral bodies and anterior intervertebral disk

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26
Q

posterior longitudinal ilgament

A

-axis to sacrum on posterior vertebral bodies

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27
Q

ligamentum flavum

A
  • connects lamina

- yelow from high elastin content

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28
Q

intertransverse ligament

A

-runs in frontal plane

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29
Q

interspinous ligament

A

-runs in sagittal plane

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30
Q

pattern of costal facets on t-spine

A

T1: full facet; 1 demifacet inferior
T10: 1 demifacet
T11: full costal facet
T12: full costal facet

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31
Q

Back muscle layers innervated by ventral rami

A

1
2
3

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32
Q

back muscle layers innervated by dorsal rami

A

4
5
6
7

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33
Q

nerve plexuses are only formed by

A

ventral rami

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34
Q

roots of dorsal scapular nerve

A

C5

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35
Q

nerve roots of suprascapular nerve

A

C5, C6

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36
Q

nerve roots of musculocutaneous

A

C5, C6, C7

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37
Q

nerve roots of nerve to subclavius

A

C5, C6

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38
Q

nerve roots of lower subscapular nerve

A

C5, C6

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39
Q

nerve roots of upper subscapular nerve

A

C5, C6

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40
Q

nerve roots of thoracodorsal nerve

A

C6, C7, C8

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41
Q

nerve roots of axillary nerve

A

C5, C6

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42
Q

nerve roots of radial nerve

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

43
Q

nerve roots of long thoracic nerve

A

C5, C6, C7

44
Q

nerve roots of median nerve

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

45
Q

nerve roots of ulnar nerve

A

C8, T1

46
Q

nerve root of medial pectoral nerve

A

C8, T1

47
Q

nerve root of lateral pectoral nerve

A

C5, C6, C7

48
Q

nerve root of medial antebrachial cutaneous

A

C8, T1

49
Q

nerve root of medial brachial cutaneous

A

T1

50
Q

nerves emerge ____ to the cervical vertebrae

A

superior

51
Q

nerves emerge inferior to the ____ vertebrae

A

thoracic and lumbar

52
Q

borders of the cubital fossa

A

superior: imaginary line between epicondyles
medial: pronator teres
lateral: brachioradialis
floor: brachialis and supinators
roof: deep fascia;bicipital aponeurosis; tissue;skin

53
Q

contents of the cubital fossa

A

arteries: brachial and its branches
veins: basilic, cephalic, median cubital
muscle: biceps brachii
nerves: median, medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous

54
Q

mallet finger

A
  • rupture of the extensor tendons on the base of the distal phalanx
  • often causes avulsion
  • from blow to tip of finger
55
Q

swan neck deformity

A
  • rupture of volar plate of the PIP
  • lateral bands become lack allowing flexion of the DIP
  • PIP is hyperextended while DIP is flexed
  • seen in rheumatoid arthritis
56
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A
  • rupture of extensor tendon at its attachment to the base of th emiddle phalanx (central slip)
  • lateral band pull PIP into flexion and DIP into extension
57
Q

borders of carpal tunnel

A

radial border: scaphoid and trapezium
ulnar border: pisiform and hook of the hamate
roof: flexor retinaculum

58
Q

structures in the carpal tunnel

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • median nerve
59
Q

Dupuyntren’s contracture

A
  • thickening of palmar fascia

- contracture of ulnar 2 fingers

60
Q

palmar aponeuroses

A
  • main function is to anchor palmar skin to improve grip
  • deep layer helps create carpal tunnels
  • protection to underlying muscle, nerves, and vessels
61
Q

what ligament carries the hand during pronation of forearm

A

dorsal radiocarpal ligament

-joins both collateral ligaments

62
Q

ulnar medial collateral ligament

A

from ulna styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform

-resists radial deviation

63
Q

radial lateral collateral ligament

A

from radial styloid process to scaphoid and trapezium

-resists ulnar deviation

64
Q

TFCC

A 
Triangular Fibrocartilage
Complex 
*separates distal ulna from proximal carpal bones
-dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligaments
-triangular fibrocartilage
-ulnotriquetral and ulnolunate ligament
-ulnomeniscus homologue
65
Q

triangular space contains

A

scapular circumflex artery

66
Q

quadrangular space contains

A
  • posterior humeral circumflex artery

- axillary nerve

67
Q

possible nerve damage with surgical neck fracture

A

axillary nerve

68
Q

possible nerve damage from midshaft humeral fracture

A

radial nerve

69
Q

possible nerve damage from distal humerus fracture

A

median nerve

70
Q

possible nerve damage from fracture of medial epicondyle

A

ulnar nerve

71
Q

damage if upper extremity suddenly pulled superiorly (catching if falling/neonate delivery)

A

Klumpke’s Palsy
injury to inferior portion of brachial plexus:
C8/T1

72
Q

increased angle beneath shoulder/neck (fall from height/neonate delivery)

A
  • Erb-Duchenne palsy
  • injury to superior portion of brachial plexus: C5/C6
  • waiter’s tip position
73
Q

basilic vein

A
  • medial vein

- helps drain forearm and connects into brachial vein mid humerus

74
Q

cephalic vein

A

runs up to connect to subclavian in shoulder region

75
Q

subclavian vein is ____ to the anterior scalene muscle

A

anterior

76
Q

main action of humero-radial joint

A

pronation/supination

-modified hinge joint

77
Q

capitulum helps resist:

A

valgus forces

sits on the lateral side

78
Q

elbow structure related to the carrying angle

A

trochlea since it is asymmetrical

79
Q

radial notch

A
  • on the ulna

- proximal radioulnar joint articulation

80
Q

annular ligament

A

holds the radial head to the ulna

  • origin/insertion both on coronoid process
  • inner surface has hyaline cartilage
81
Q

interosseous membrane

A
  • third radioulnar articulation
  • surface area for muscle attachment
  • transmits forces from distal to proximal
  • guides movement of radius during pronation/supination
82
Q

stability of the elbow

A
  1. humeroulnar joint
  2. ligaments
  3. muscular support
83
Q

elbow joint capsule is thicker

A

anteriorly than posteriorly

84
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament (elbow)

A
  • primary stabilizer against valgus stress

- 3 parts

85
Q

most commonly injured elbow ligament

A

ulnar collateral ligament

86
Q

anterior oblique band of UCL

A
  • medial epicondyle to coronoid process
  • primary restraint against extension
  • restrains valgus throughout entire ROM
87
Q

posterior band of UCL

A
  • medial epicondyle to olecranon

- primary restraint against valgus from 65-140 degrees flexion

88
Q

transverse band of UCL

A

coronoid process to olecranon

  • reinforces medial joint capsule
  • taut when other bands are taut
89
Q

radial collateral ligament

A
  • weak
  • lateral epicondyle to annular ligament (not bone to bone)
  • supports annular ligament
  • resists varus force at elbow
90
Q

lateral ulnar collateral ligament

A
  • lateral epicondyle to lateral aspect of olecranon
  • limited degree of support to capsule and varus forces
  • sling to support radial head
  • posterior lateral rotary instability if ruptured
91
Q

what ligament acts as restraint to traction

A
  • annular ligament

- distal segment

92
Q

cephalic vein is between what muscles?

A

pectoralis major

deltoid

93
Q

what vein is superficial to the brachial artery in the elbow?

A

median cubital vein

94
Q

most medial structure in the cubital fossa

A

median nerve

95
Q

prevalence of palmaris longus

A

absent in 10-20% of population

96
Q

coracoacromial ligament

A

prevents superior dislocation of the humerus

97
Q

what structures run deep to the arch of coracoacromial ligament and subacromial bursa?

A
  • supraspinatus tendon

- long head of biceps brachii

98
Q

long thoracic nerve pasly presents as

A

scapular winging

-serratus anterior not holding it anterior

99
Q

what muscle stabilizes the glenohumeral joint?

A

supraspinatus

100
Q

positions of zygapophyseal joints

A

cervical: 45 to horizontal
thoracic: 60 to horizontal
lumbar: vertical

101
Q

what artery supplies teres minor?

A

scapular circumflex artery

102
Q

blood supply to teres major?

A

thoracodorsal artery

103
Q

blood supply to pectoralis major?

A

thoracoacromial a.

lateral thoracic a.

104
Q

long head of triceps brachii passes…

A

between teres minor and teres major

  • lateral border to triangular space
  • medial border to quadrangular space

PT 701-Anatomy (7 decks)

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