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PT 701-Anatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

iliofemoral ligament

A

O: AIIS, acetabular rim
I: greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line
-strongest of the hip ligaments
-prevents hyperextension

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2
Q

pubofemoral ligament

A

O: ant/inf body and superior ramus of the pubis
I: joint capsule and medial part of iliofemoral ligament
-tightens with ext and abd

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3
Q

ischiofemoral ligament

A

O: ischial portion of acetabular rim
I: medial to greater trochanter
-weakest of the 3 ligaments

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4
Q

Extracapsular ligaments of the knee

A
  1. LCL (doesn’t reinforce capsule)
  2. MCL
  3. Oblique popliteal lig. (post)
  4. Arcuate lig. (post)
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5
Q

Intra-articular ligaments of the knee

A
  1. ACL
  2. PCL
  3. Transverse lig.
    - all don’t reinforce capsule
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6
Q

medial meniscus

A
  • c shaped

- attached to 5 sites

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7
Q

lateral meniscus

A
  • o shaped

- 3 attachments

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8
Q

LCL

A
  • unattached to capsule
  • attach to lateral epicondyle
  • inserts on head of fibula
  • cordlike
  • resists varus force
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9
Q

MCL

A
  • reinforces joint capsule
  • flat, ribbon like
  • superficial layer attaches to medial epicondyle
  • deep inserts on medial tibial condyle
  • have a bursa in between the layers
  • resists valgus force
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10
Q

oblique popliteal ligament

A
  • continuation of semimembranosus

- rums lateral to posterior medial of lateral femoral condyle

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11
Q

arcuate ligament

A

-runs from fibular head to lateral condyle of femur and popliteal lig.

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12
Q

ACL

A
  • medial portion of lateral femoral condyle to medial tibial plateau
  • main restraint to anterior tibial translation
  • protects against hyperextension
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13
Q

PCL

A

-posterior/lateral aspect of tibial spine to lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle

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14
Q

transverse ligament:

A

-connects the menisci to each other along their anterior edges

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15
Q

portions of the cruciate ligaments are ___ in every joint position

A

taut

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16
Q

order of muscles that originate on the lateral femoral condyle

A

superior:

  1. plantaris
  2. lateral head of gastrocnemius
  3. popliteus
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17
Q

what joint does not contribute to motion at the knee joint:

A

superior tibiofibular joint

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18
Q

articularis genu

A

-helps pull suprapatellar bursa and synovium from joint

prevents entrapment of capsule

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19
Q

main function of fibula

A

: to be a site of muscle attachment

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20
Q

groove for flexor hallucis longus tendon on :

A

talus

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21
Q

groove for fibularis longus tendon on:

A

cuboid

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22
Q

deltoid ligament

A

Anterior tibiotalar part
Tibionavicular part
Tibiocalcaneal part
Posterior tibiotalar part

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23
Q

Normal angle of inclination of femur:

A

115-140 degrees

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24
Q

normal hip torsion angle

A

10-20 degrees
anterior
-retroversion rotated less than 10 deg anterior to frontal plan
-anteversion rotated greater than 20 deg

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25
Q

pectineal line location

A

posterior femur

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26
Q

Function of Labrum

A
  • increases surface area by 10%
  • enlarges acetabulum to 2/3 of a sphere
  • covers 1/2 of femoral head
  • controls deformation
  • joint proprioception
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27
Q

ligament of the head

A
  • lies in a joint cavity
  • surrounded by synovial tissue and fluid
  • not a primary stabilizer
  • conducts artery of the head of the femur
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28
Q

VMO

A
  • oblique fibers that attach to patella
  • help stabilize patella and allow it to track normally
  • helps counteract the lateral force from rectus femoris
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29
Q

Adductor canal borders

A

anterior and lateral: vastus medialis

  • posteriorly: adductor magnus/longus
  • medial: sartorius which forms the roof
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30
Q

what passes through the adductor canal

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
saphenous nerve

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31
Q

lateral circumflex artery passes…

A

laterally deep to sartorius and rectus femoris

transverse branch pierces lateralis, descending branch poster to RF supplying lateralis to knee

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32
Q

ant/post branches of internal iliac artery

A 
anterior:
obturator artery
internal pudendal artery
inferior gluteal artery
posterior:
superior gluteal artery
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33
Q

Trendelenburg Sign

A
  • from weakness of gluteus medius and minimus

- seen in dropping of non weight bearing hip during gait

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34
Q

contents of greater sciatic foramen

A
  1. superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve
  2. inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve
  3. piriformis
  4. sciatic nerve
  5. posterior femoral cutaneous n.
  6. nerve to obturator internus
  7. internal pudendal artery and vein
  8. pudental nerve
  9. nerve to quadratus femoris
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35
Q

contents of lesser sciatic foramen

A
  1. obturator internus tendon
  2. internal pudendal artery and vein
  3. pudendal nerve
  4. nerve to obturator internus
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36
Q

to be considered a hamstring it must:

A
  1. cross two joints
  2. innervated by tibial nerve
  3. originate from the ischial tuberosity
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37
Q

which ligament is most likely to rupture with a inversion ankle sprain?

A
  1. anterior talofibular
  2. calcaneofibular
  3. posterior talo fibular ligament
38
Q

which ligament gives you the high arch of the foot?

A

spring ligament: plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

39
Q

femur articulation with patella

A

articulates with both facets from full extension to 90 degrees felxion

40
Q

anterior meniscofemoral ligament

A
  • helps control movement of meniscus

- Humphreys

41
Q

posterior meniscofemoral ligament

A
  • help control movement of meniscus
  • Wrisberg
  • more common for people to have Wrisberg
42
Q

types of meniscus tears

A
  1. horizontal
  2. vertical longitudinal (bucket-handle)
  3. vertical radial/transverse
  4. flap/oblique
  5. complex degeneration (most common pathology)
43
Q

Medial meniscus attachments:

A

5 on tibial planteau

  • MCL
  • semimembranosus
44
Q

where do the tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery travel in the leg?

A

compartment in the transverse intermuscular septum

-between superficial and deep muscles of posterior leg

45
Q

important landmarks of talus

A

-medial tubercle on posterior process (sulcus for tendon of FHL)

46
Q

shape of phalanges

A

concave base

convex head

47
Q

which tibiofibular joint is stronger?

A

posterior tibiofibular ligament

48
Q

shape of the talocrural joint

A

-frontal plane: talar dome concave

Parasagittal plane: talar dome convex

49
Q

ligaments at the subtalar joint

A
  • interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
  • medial talocalcaneal
  • lateral talocalcaneal
  • posterior talocalcaneal
  • spring ligament
50
Q

midtarsal joints

A
  • talonavicular

- calcaneocuboid

51
Q

long plantar ligament creates a tunnel for what?

A

tendon of fibularis longus

52
Q

2nd layer of plantar surface of foot contains:

A
  • quadratus plantae
  • lumbricals
  • tendon of FHL
  • tendon of FDL
53
Q

anterior division of L2-L4 supplies:

A

medial musculature of thigh

-obturator nerve

54
Q

posterior division of L2-L4 supplies

A

anterior musculature of thigh

-femoral nerve

55
Q

hip pointer nerve

A

iliohypogastric nerve

-runs over iliac crest

56
Q

which nerve is susceptible to trauma during hernia repair?

A

ilioinguinal n

-runs inside of iliac crest into inguinal region

57
Q

which nerve regulates cremaster reflex?

A

genito femoral n
L1-L2
-pierces psoas major

58
Q

what is the only branch of the femoral nerve that goes distal to the knee?

A

saphenous nerve

59
Q

what artery do you find deep/distal to the lumbosacral trunk?

A

superior gluteal artery

60
Q

largest branch of the sacral plexus

A

sciatic nerve

61
Q

when does common fibular and tibial nerve emerge from their common sheath?

A

-once they pass the piriformis (this is variable)

62
Q

what nerve is susceptible to damage from tight clothing, belts, weight gain or pregnancy?

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

63
Q

Actions of piriformis

A

hip abd, ext, ER

64
Q

actions of the tensor faciae latae

A

tenses fasciae latae

hip abd, IR, flexion

65
Q

actions of obturator internus

A

hip add, ER, ext

66
Q

superior gemellus actions

A

hip add, ER, ext

67
Q

inferior gemellus actions

A

hip add, ER, ext

68
Q

actions of quadratus femoris

A

hip ER, adduction

69
Q

actions of pectineus

A

hip add, ER, slight flexion

70
Q

actions of obturator externus

A

hip add, ER

71
Q

extensor digitorum brevis actions

A

ext MTP and PIP joints

72
Q

extensor digitorum brevis insertion

A

2-4 middle phalanges

73
Q

lumbricals insertion

A

2-5 toes at dorsal aponeurosis

74
Q

lumbricals actions

A

flex MTP
ext IP
add toward big toe

75
Q

flexor hallucis brevis origin

A

cuboid
lateral cuneiforms
plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

76
Q

flexor hallucis brevis actions

A

flex MTP 1st toe

77
Q

ankle is more stable in which position?

A

dorsiflexion

78
Q

main articulation that allows inversion and eversion of the foot

A

subtalar joint

79
Q

functions of foot arches

A
  1. distribute weight onto heel and ball of foot
  2. act as shock absorbers during locomation
  3. enhance flexibility of foot on uneven surfaces
80
Q

keystone of the medial longitudinal arch

A

talus

81
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A
  • flatter than medial arch

- formed by calcaneus, cuboid and lateral metatarsals

82
Q

transverse arch is formed by

A

cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of metatarsals

-crosses the midfoot

83
Q

medial compartment of sole of foot

A

abductor and flexors of 1st digit

84
Q

central compartment of sole of foot

A

short and long flexors of 2-4, adductor hallucis, lumbricals, quadratus plantae

85
Q

lateral compartment of sole of foot

A

abductor and flexor of 5th digit

86
Q

medial arch

A

highest part of the longitudinal arch

87
Q

passive stablizers of the foot

A
  1. plantar aponeurosis
  2. plantar calcaneonavicular lig.
  3. long plantar lig.
  4. short plantar lig. (plantar calcaneocuboid lig.)
88
Q

active stabilizers of transverse arch

A 
fibularis longus
tibialis posterior
adductor hallucis (transverse head)
89
Q

active stabilizers of longitudinal arch

A
  1. FHL (medial)
  2. Abd. Hallucis
  3. Flexor digitorum brevis
  4. Abd. digiti minimi
  5. Flex. hallucis brevis
  6. Tibialis posterior
  7. Adductor Hallucis
90
Q

structures associated with the sustentaculum tali

A 
plantar calcaneonavicular lig.
medial talocalcaneal lig.
tibiocalcaneal part of deltoid ligament
FHL tendon
supports the talus
91
Q

which gender has a smaller angle of inclination of the femur?

A

women

-because of their wider pelvis

PT 701-Anatomy (7 decks)

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