Exam 2 Flashcards
Linea semilunaris
- either side of the linea alba
- where the oblique turn tendinous
- muscle belly turning to aponeurosis
posterior rectus sheath disappears at
L2
-disappearance created by transversus abdominis
external oblique contributes to…
- superficial inguinal ring
- turns into external spermatic fascia
internal oblique contributes to…
-picks up layer of external oblique and contributes to inguinal canal, cremaster muscle, and fascia
Transversus abdominus contribution to pelvis
contributes to canal but doesn’t produce layer to spermatic cord
transversalis fascia contribution to spermatic cord
forms deep inguinal ring
-deep spermatic fascia
abdominal arcuate line:
inferior end of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath
anterior abdominal wall superficial to deep:
- skin
- superficial fatty fascia
- deeper membranous fascia
- rectus Abdominis
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- transverse abdominis
- transversalis fascia
- peritoneum
linea terminalis:
sacrum
arcuate line
pectin pubis
what perforates the rectus abdominus at the arcuate line?
inferior epigastric artery and ein
what vasculature comes through the deep inguinal ring?
testicular artery and vein;
-artery and vein of the ductus deferens
left gonadal vein drains to the
left renal vein
blood supply to rectus abdominis
inferior epigastric artery
mesentary
double layer of peritoneum
what runs with the round ligament of the liver?
umbilical veins
intraperitoneal organs
cecum liver jejunum stomach ileum transverse colon sigmoid colon
retroperitoneal organs
- suprarenal glands
- aorta
- duodenum
- pancreas
- ureters
- colon (ascending/descending)
- kidneys
- esophogus
- rectum
Inferior vena cava exits the abdominal cavity at
T8
- pierces central tendon of diaphragm
- passes posterior to liver
direct tributaries to the inferior vena cava
- inferior phrenic veins
- hepatic veins
- right suprarenal vein (left contributes to left renal vein first)
- renal veins
- right gonadal vein (left contributes to left renal vein)
- ascending lumbar veins
- common iliac veins
- median sacral vein
greater omentum attaches to
- greater curve of stomach
- transverse colon
lesser omentum attaches to
- lesser curve of the stomach
- first part of duodenum
which abdominal structure is intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, and also subperitoneal?
rectum
junction between foregut and midgut
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
junction between midgut and hindgut
middle colic and left coilc anastomosing together
esophagus enters the abdominal cavity at
T10
aorta enters the abdominal cavity at
T12
-most posterior
deep inguinal ring
into scrotum from pelvis
type of blood in umbilical vein in fetuses
oxygenated blood
most blood in liver is
deoxygenated nutrient rich blood
arterial supply to the adrenal glands
- inferior phrenic artery
- middle suprarenal a. (abdominal aorta)
- renal artery
location of ureter
- anterior to psoas major
- posterior to gonadal artery
- anterior to common iliac
- posterior to ductus deferens or round ligament
where the ureter narrows
- origin of ureter
- whre ureers cross iliac vessels
- entrance to bladder
ejaculatory duct is the union of:
- ductus deferens
- seminal vessicles
bulbourethral gland
- cowper
- embedded in external urethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal muscle
- secretions neutralize acidity in urethra in preparation of ejaculation
fertilization occurs where in the uterine tubes?
ampulla
structures in the male UG diaphragm
- membranous urethra
- bulbourethra
- external sphincter
- deep transverse perineal muscle
- internal pudendal artery/vein
- pudendal nerve
structures in the female UG diaphragm
- urethra
- vagina
- external sphincter
- deep transverse perineal muscle
- internal pudendal artery/vein
- pudendal nerve
prostate
- located between the bladder and the UG diaphragm
- contributes 20% of ejaculate to enhance sperm motility
temperature control of sperm
- main is cremaster muscle
- fine tuning is dartos
what surrounds each erectile body in the penis?
tunica albuginea
what binds the penile erectile bodies togetther?
-deep penile fascia (Buck’s fascia)
female homolog for prostate
skeen’s gland
-lesser vestibular gland
fossa between the UG diaphragm and the pelvic floor
ischioanal fossa
what structures are in the UG diaphragm, pelvic floor and SPP
- urethra
- perineal body
anteverted vs anteflexed
- cervical canal compared to vagina is anteverted
- uterus compared to cervical canal is anteflexed
posterior border of the UG triangle
- superficial transverse perineal muscle
- in the SPP
round ligament ends in the…
labia majora
female homolog to penis
clitoris
structures in the male SPP
- spongy urethra
- bulb of penis
- crura of penis
- superficial transverse perineal muscle
- deep perineal branches of pudendal artery/vein
- pudendal nerve
- ischiocavernosus muscle
- bulbospongiosus muscle
structuers in the female SPP
- greater/lesser vestibular glands
- bulb of vestibule
- crus of the clitoris
- superficial transverse perineal muscle
- deep perineal branches of pudendal arter/vein
- pudendal nerve
- ischiocavernosus muscle
- bulbospongiousus muscle
muscles of the pelvic wall
- obturator internus
- piriformis
round ligament of the uterus
connects uterus to lateral abdominal wall
ejaculatory duct
- formed by ducus deferens and juct of the seminal vesicles
- empty into prostatic urethra
seminal vesicle contribution to ejaculate
- 70% of ejaculate volume
- nourishes sperm
ovarian ligament
connects the ovary to the uterus
broad ligament
- of uterus
- double sheet of peritoneum (mesentary)
- evelopes ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus
- extends from sie of uterus to sidewalls of pelvis
round ligaments of uterus
-from the fundus of uterus, through deep inguinal ring, insert in the labia majora
pubovesical ligament
from bladder to pubic ramus (anterior)
which gonadal arty does not enter the pelvis?
testicular artery
parietal branches of iliac artery
- iliolumbar
- superior gluteal
- lateral sacral
- obturator
- inferior gluteal
visceral branches of internal iliac artery
- umbilical artery (to ductus deferens and superior vesicle artery)
- inferior vesicle artery
- middle rectal artery
- internal pudendal artery
branches of pudendal nerve
- inferior rectal
- perineal
- dorsal n to clitoris/penis
posterior fornix
deeper, larger pocket to protect cervix during intercourse
ovarian suspensory ligament
lateral abdominal wall attachment
transverse cervical ligament in the:
cervix
which branch off the internal iliac artery is both parietal and visceral?
internal pudendal artery
middle rectal artery is the last branch of
internal pudendal
autonomic innervation to pelvis from:
pelvic splanchnic plexus
voluntary innervation to pelvis from
pudendal nerve
main component of UG diaphragm
deep transverse perineal muscle
pelvic diaphragm anchors onto the
perineal body
colles’ fascia
- most superficial (superficial perineal fascia)
- extension of scarpa’s fascia
dartos fascia
around scrotum
buck’s fascia
over penis
fourchette
- posterior union of labia minor
- tears during childbirth
portal vein conveys:
70% of blood to liver for filtration
portal vein is formed by:
superior mesenteric v.
-splenic vein (inferior mesenteric feeds splenic)
hepatic artery supply to liver:
30% of blood, is oxygenated
perineal body is converging fibers of:
- levator ani
- deep transverse perineal muscle
- bulbospongiosus muscle
- external anal sphincter
pathway of sperm:
- seminiferous tubules
- tubuli recti
- rete testis
- efferent ductules
- epidydimus
- ductus deferens
function of deep transverse perineal muscle
- supports the prostate
- inserts on perineal body
function of bulbospongiosus
- compresses greater vestibular gland
- assists in erection
- originates on perineal body
function of ischiocavernosus
- inserts on crus
- maintains erection by squeezing blood into corpus cavernosum of clitoris or penis
function of superficial transverse perineal muscle
- inserts on perineal body
- stabilizes perineal body
the scrotum is an extension of…
the anterior abdominal wall
dartos fascia is a continuation of …
Scarpa’s fascia (membranous abdominal layer)
-also connects with Colle’s fascia (superficial perineal fascia)
perineal membrane is ______ to Colle’s fascia
deep
bulbourethral glands
- mucus secreting glands
- add fluid to semen; flushing agent to wash out urethra
- Cowper’s gland
- ducts open to spongy urethra
function of internal urethral sphincter during arousal:
prevents seminal fluid from entering the bladder
mons pubis is a continuation of…
Camper’s fascia of abdominal wall (fatty layer)
-continuous with labia majora
function of greater vestibular glands
- posterior
- Bartholin’s
- lubricate during arousal
function of lesser vestibular glands
- anterior
- Skeen’s
- secretes mucus to moisten the labia and vestibule
boundary of ischioanal fossa
superiorly: pelvic diaphragm
inferiorly: skin of anal region
- extends into UG triangle superior to perineal membrane
contents of ischioanal fossa
- inferior rectal vessels and nerve
- pudendal nerve
- internal pudendal vessels
