Exam 4 Flashcards
The amount of a chemical that causes injury is often dependent upon dosage. Which of the following best describes dosage in this context?
a. The distribution of the chemical in the environment b. The list of toxic chemicals produced by the EPA c. The amount of chemical /kg of body weight d. The amount of cell injury the chemical causes
c. The amount of chemical /kg of body weight
Children are at higher risk of negative effects from lead exposure because…
a. They eat more fish b. They absorb more from food c. They get vaccinated more often d. They are exposed to batteries more often
b. They absorb more from food
The symptoms of mercury poisoning are:
a. Anemia, mental deterioration, abdominal pain b. Decreased ATP production, increased ROA, cardiac problems c. Obstructive lung disease, renal toxicity, osteoporosis d. Tremor, gingivitis, bizarre behavior
d. Tremor, gingivitis, bizarre behavior
Toxin exposure can result in which of the following?
a. Excretion of the toxin soon after exposure b. Storage of the toxin within the body c. Transformation into a reactive form of the toxin within the body d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Arsenic poisoning cases disruption in:
a. Oxidative phosphorylation b. RBC production c. Gas transfer in lungs d. Bone healing
a. Oxidative phosphorylation
Coal miners are exposed to large amounts of coal dust in the air. Without proper respirators, they are at risk of developing which of the following conditions?
a. Chloracne b. Hepatitis c. Pneumoconiosis d. Marasmu
c. Pneumoconiosis
Which of the following cancers is associated with cigarette smoking?
a. Bone b. Brain c. Skin d. Esophagus
d. Esophagus
Smoking contributes to emphysema because the constant irritations produces inflammation and recruits neutrophils. The neutrophils release _______ which damages the lungs.
a. Phenol b. Elastase c. Carbon monoxide d. Lipids
b. Elastase
Ethanol causes fat accumulation in the liver that can lead to cirrhosis. This happens beau alcohol dehydrogenase causes….
a. Production of ROS and lipid oxidation in the liver b. Changes n the NADH/NAD+ ratio c. Acetaldehyde production d. Release of endotoxin from gram negative bacteria
b. Changes n the NADH/NAD+ ratio
Which of the following is an adverse drug reaction?
a. Alcohol toxicity from binge drinking b. An allergic reaction to penicillin c. Fetal hypoxia from cocaine use by the mother d. All of the above
b. An allergic reaction to penicillin
Cocaine inhibits the re-uptake of what neurotransmitter in central nervous system synapses?
a. Epinephrine b. Serotonin c. Dopamine d. GABA
a. Epinephrine
c. Dopamine
Before James Lind realized that citrus fruit could help, sailors had enough food for long voyages, but they often suffered from scurvy due to a lack of vitamin C. This problem is a type of ….
a. Primary malnutrition b. Secondary malnutrition c. Neither d. Both
a. Primary malnutrition
Kwashiorkor is a type of protein energy malnutrition. People with this condition have rounded abdomens because of…..
a. Muscle loss b. Hypoalbuminemia c. Renal insufficiency d. Cachexia
b. Hypoalbuminemia
Bell is having problems with dry eyes, infections, and driving at night. Bell’s conditions could be caused by which of the following deficiencies in her diet?
a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Protein
a. Vitamin A
What happens following a decrease in vitamin D absorption or production?
a. Increased calcium and phosphate levels in the blood b. Increased calcium absorption in the intestine c. Increased parathyroid hormone d. Decreased parathyroid hormone
c. Increased parathyroid hormone
Increased body weight due to adipose tissue accumulation that is of sufficient magnitude to cause adverse health effects is the definition of…..
a. Obesity b. BMI c. Body fat % d. Overweigh
a. Obesity
