Exam 3 Flashcards
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease primarily affects the:
a. Heart b. Kidneys c. Lungs d. Brain
c. Lungs
Gastric cancer is a neoplastic growth in what organ?
a. Intestines b. Kidneys c. Stomach d. Esophagus
c. Stomach
Hepatic steatosis describes which of the conditions below?
a. Fatty liver disease b. Decreased liver blood flow c. Stomach narrowing d. Narrowing of liver blood vessels
a. Fatty liver disease
Fossa means:
a. Hole or opening b. Trench or ditch c. One quadrillionth d. Poison
b. Trench or ditch
Which of the following growths are malignant?
a. Hamartoma b. Choristoma c. Papilloma d. Sarcoma
d. Sarcoma
The difference between metaplasia and true neoplastic growth is that:
a. Metaplastic growth reverts to normal when the stress is removed b. Metaplastic growth is poorly differentiated c. Metaplastic invades the tissue unlike neoplastic growth d. There is no difference between metaplasia and neoplasia
a. Metaplastic growth reverts to normal when the stress is removed
A mutation in one of Edison’s microRNA genes makes the miRNA able to bind to p53 mRNA. Now, Edison is a higher risk of cancer because his cells have:
a. Reduced expression of a tumor suppressor gene b. Increased expression of a tumor suppressor gene c. Overexpression of oncogenes d. Reduced expression of oncogenes
a. Reduced expression of a tumor suppressor gene
Eleanor had a pap smear and there results indicated that she has cervical dysplasia. What do those results mean?
a. Eleanor has a benign tumor that can easily be removed b. Eleanor has a malignant cancer and needs treatment c. Eleanor has some cellular changes that may develop into cancer d. Eleanor’s Pap results are normal
c. Eleanor has some cellular changes that may develop into cancer
Edwin has been diagnosed with lung cancer. His oncologist has ordered an MRI of his brain as well as his lungs. What hallmark of cancer causes Edwin’s physician to order that MRI?
a. Evading apoptosis b. Self-sufficiency in growth signals c. Sustained and abiogenesis d. Invasion and metastasis
d. Invasion and metastasis
What must cancer cells do to survive when they metastasize and begin to grow into a large tumor at a new site?
a. Establish a blood supply b. Differentiate to match the new tissue c. Enter the lymphatic system d. Turn on telomerase
a. Establish a blood supply
Thyroid hyperplasia happens when the body perceived an increase in functional need. If the body no longer perceives the need, the thyroid returns to its normal size. This phenomenon happens happens because thyroid function is controlled by:
a. Cyclins b. A negative feedback loop c. Contact inhibition d. Growth factor-inhibiting microRNAs
b. A negative feedback loop
Which of the following classes of proteins puts “brakes” on the cell cycle?
a. Growth factors b. Cyclins c. CDKIs d. Signal transuding proteins
c. CDKIs
Tumor progression occurs because:
a. Selective pressures act on tumor cells b. Genomic instability increases over time c. Subclones that have advantageous mutations outcompete others d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which type of cancer is associated with HBV and HCV infection?
a. Gastric b. Hepatic c. Burkitt’s lymphoma d. Cervical cancer
b. Hepatic
Fever seen in cancer patients is caused by cytokines released by cancer cells and macrophages activated by the presence of the cancer. Which of the following cytokines would cause fever?
a. IL-2 and IL-4 b. TGF-β and TGF-α c. IL-1 and TNF-α d. FGF and VEGF
c. IL-1 and TNF-α
The incidence of Klinefelter’s syndrome has been related to parental exposure to radiation and:
a. Paternal age b. Maternal age c. Incomplete penetrance d. Point mutations
b. Maternal age
